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RFID在郵局的和快遞服務應用 除了零售服務應用外，快遞服務應用名列第二大的應用項目，10年預測分析探討 2005.11.07
RFID技術（Radio Frequency Identification），即射頻識別射頻是搜尋的資訊上基礎技術設備，使用無線電頻率或在那設定範圍附近應用，它主要功能是避免人為搜索與輸出入誤差以減低作業成本。, 定位的模糊和需要設定影響讀取比對頻率，許多的在條碼barcodes的重覆使用時間,磷光材質,印刷影響應用績效，歐美郵局和快遞服務應用在科技快速的驚人頻寬的適用性取得答案. 為什麼RFID適用歐美郵局和快遞服務並提供由安全資訊存取進而到車輛和區域安全掌控而難以推廣其它運輸服務業者。安全存取的車輛到指定碼,包裹的位置, 實體移動運輸, 拖車和其它運籌服務業作業相似，更加此外. RFID監聽器展示郵件的防止失誤和記錄，對特定郵件與包裹全程控管提供運籌服務使用者查詢機制，對特定郵件與包裹排除因在運輸中流量過熱時，維持流速的預定標準也提供解決方案，.在瑞典作業系統基礎建設提供異常解決方案如包裹那記錄時間的人為篡改和偷竊和導至滯留也提供記錄。
RFID支援郵政包裹潛在競爭的市場 除了運籌整合業者，紅海競爭電子商務與零售的供應鏈以外，RFID更提供潛在競爭市場為了逆向運籌與物流新能力，新的服務對退貨修補與再生全球的十億的物流市場提供便利與績效的解決方案。因為節省 使用者與供應者之作業流程與時間以提昇競爭力是不爭的事實。 資訊來源: IDTechEx
有許多的理由這但是主要的一是那適當的國際標準化組織全球的規範是現在有用的為了極高容量RFID緊隨的個別的細目
命令從零售商在創建每年的要求為了十億的貨盤/ 實例RFID緊隨 (最終大約40,000,000,000每年的), 減少費用的雙方的RFID標籤和系統的興趣到郵局的和信差服務為了類似的應用. 這些使用執照自由的但是以前相對地unproven超高頻頻繁皮帶. 這是在周圍900個兆赫,精確的頻繁依賴立法機關. 的這訂購的500百萬是運送的在商品傳達到零售商在2006, 這生存四時代這號碼的超高頻RFID標籤運送的到全部應用在這先前60年. 標籤價格已下降到15分左右和5分是允諾十億是買每年的在大約2年的時候.
最多使用RFID頻繁的高頻 (13.56兆赫), 有現在繁榮的用法在圖書館,洗衣店,玩具,票,卡和許多的其他的應用. 這有引導到價值工程, 自動化和批量生產和價格的RFID標籤和系統翻筋斗向下和一十億高頻RFID標籤運送的在60年但是這下一個十億高頻RFID標籤將是運送的在在下面二年. 標籤削價也是可期待在這裡. 實在,這頻繁是低的足夠的為了印刷電晶體電路到是選擇權在2007和全部使用當作標籤附近2015 . 這些放回原處這矽晶片, 有希望的一分價格或較少為了完全RFID標籤和最後 (於2016?) 直接列印到細目, 正如barcodes今天.
個別的公司 (Miyake,懸片系統,SUBTROPIC,Tagsense,UPM Rafsec) 現在提出或便利被動的高頻標籤和系統那個從事二到十儀表排列和是通常更多容忍的水和金屬比超高頻, 以前這唯一選擇權為了batterylessI.E瀏覽器 “被動的” RFID在這些行列. 使用它的新的高頻以系統為基礎的上新的Schreiner RFID標籤,Intermec甚至讀金屬實例在直到1台儀表時候變暗附近其他的金屬實例. 惟一年前,那些的教學RFID會說那高頻標籤,直到生存最最最普通型,和結束55% 的市場藉值,會從不工作超出1台儀表行列和他們僅僅達到1壓力管道中的液壓調節相對地無阻的周遭環境.
為了比較久排列 (10台儀表到2個公里), 標籤和空中打腳是需要和這裡有一前進從廣大的設備和廣大的空中打腳到一和硬幣空中打腳甚至許多和印好的空中打腳哪裡這RFID標籤採取的形狀一標籤那個甚至可能充當一記錄者的溫度, 濕氣等等在低費用. 有也新路的定位東西使用橫梁和這些活動標籤和路的incorporatingWiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, 氣相聚合法或GSM為了位置和通訊.
郵局的分類機械設備,起機和其他設備是現在漸增地有用的在RFID能夠形狀.
例子的RFID標籤適合於項目水平面緊隨的甚至小的細目顯示在下面. 在中心是超高頻標籤從UPM Rafsec和上右派是高頻標籤從TagSys. 明顯地電子的郵票是上它的路.
Benchmarking郵局的/信差用途的RFID和其他的部分
Benchmarking郵局的採用的RFID接著就為了類似使用在其他的企業表示範圍為了郵局的和信差服務到趕上分別地實例. 譬如,消費者Packaged貨物CPG和工業的洗衣店部分是超過郵局的/ 信差在使用RFID在高處容量細目. healthcare職業是超過郵局的/ 信差在使用RFID徽章和袖口,某些的哪個甚至可以記錄事件及或位於全體職員. 八字形機場現在RFID標籤行李因為理由的安全,成本降低和較好的用途的被迫的空間 - 課程在這裡也. 市場2006-2016 全球的擬購進RFID系統,包括標籤,在這部分會種植極端地迅速地是 $3,000,000,000在2016.
要求可以是非常較大的假如當前的努力到緊隨個別的細目財物的增加普及的接受. 及時地,結束1,000,000,000,000個郵局的細目會被緊隨每年的,使這個第2最大的應用RFID在這個世界之後零售的補給鐐銬. 那可以發生在周圍2020但是更加會發生僅僅在下一次很少的年. 沙烏地阿拉伯郵件和這個電子學巨人在韓國是在中間偉大的改革者在這區域. 在範圍內Deutsche郵政, 別RFID改革者, DHL有完成成功試驗的RFIDlabelling個體的細目好轉服務和減低費用和有終結部分出售價格反抗這可能性的tagging全部它的一十億細目每年. 這是材料的競爭的優勢. 積極的vs被動的 今天,百分率的標籤藉值那是積極的 (I.E流覽器和電池增加行列或管理感測器或編密碼)) 是在周圍20%. 在這郵局的和信差服務這百分率藉值是更高的因為最多的這初功是完成在車輛, 拖車和運輸要不是將改變. 如同這真實高容量tagging的郵局的細目開始, 這百分率的花費在活動標籤在這郵局的和信差服務將下降到一數字在水平之下儘管RFID. 實在,新的被動的標籤和提高履行,顯著地改進行列,會佔領市場佔有率從積極的標籤在存在應用. 雖然如此,擬購進積極的標籤在郵局的和信差服務會繼續飛起. 它會保持值得做的和有利可圖的行動為了供給者. 許多的新的產品從世界級的供給者 在那裡已是銳利的增加在非常能幹的供給者的軟體, 硬體,標籤,系統, 系統整合,RFID能夠是在部分提供令人興奮的新的能力的裝備等等. 他們包括微軟,象徵技術Wincor Nixdorf,Neopost,手槍,Lyngsoe系統,Lijnco,CODEplus,WINN解答,Denstron, 德州儀器公司,KSW Microtec,Identec,Savi科技, 餘割,Trenstar,愛德華州系統, 問,NBG個人帳號, Hala供給以鏈繫之服務, 全身微電子, Trimex國際性的, 護送記憶體系統, ECO公司, Intermec, UPM Rafsec, SamSys, 嗨-G-Tek, NCR, Avonwood, Cypak, 艾弗裡Dennison, 外國工藝術, FKI Logistex和波美Ident. 在東亞,許多的郵局的組織在佔領雄心勃勃的整體性的視線的RFID能夠組織. 他們被準備按顏色可切換工作實行根本上到optimise用途的新的技術諸如RFID. 他們將投資沈重地. 新報告和鑰匙會議 那些的在郵局的和信差服務和那些的補給他們現在會忽視RFID在他們的危險. 什麼做韓國人想要附近到處存在感測器網路和大的政府後退為了那節目的原因?什麼做伊斯特亞洲的事情想要他們計畫整體性的視線的RFID在郵政業務的時候?這些和許多的其他的機會,成功和失敗被供氣新的報告RFID為了郵局的和信差服務2006-2016.它包括30新的實例研究包含最多的的上面的供給者. 世界’s最大的會議準時地 Radio Frequency Identification RFID is the reading of information on small devices using radio frequencies or thereabouts. It largely avoids the problems of human error and cost, of misorientation, obscuration and needing to read many at a time that plague barcodes, phosphor dots, print and other alternatives in the postal and courier service. It is an enabling technology of incredibly broad applicability. That is why RFID is already used in the postal and courier service for secure access by people to vehicles and secure areas, secure access of vehicles to yards, location of parcels, conveyances, trailers and much more besides. RFID monitors the performance of the letter post, matches letters to postal boxes to prevent errors and records when and how much a sensitive package has been overheated in transit. In Sweden it is the basis of smart packages that record time of tampering and theft and leads to arrests.
Potential market for RFID The potential market for RFID in the postal and courier service is second only to that for the retail supply chain as shown below.
Table 1 Potential global market in billions of RFID tags yearly
Source: IDTechEx New capability, new services become possible RFID can facilitate the perfect product recall and postal companies are fitting RFID labels on cases and pallets of consumer packaged goods at the behest of Wal-Mart and other leading retailers, because it increases availability and thus sales and reduces costs, valued at billions of dollars yearly for that industry. The same is being done for the US Military because the faster, more transparent supply chain improves operational capability. RFID is so crucial to the future of courier and postal services that UPS has invested in four RFID companies just to be first to see the future.
Table 2 Territorial split of dollar spend on RFID tags and systems for postal and courier services in 2016
Source:IDTechEx Why RFID is now the hot topic in this sector RFID is an idea whose time has come in postal, courier and high volume light logistics as shown below, which gives the evolution of cost-effective applications of RFID.
Source: ASK and IDTechEx
There are many reasons for this but the primary ones are that
�h Appropriate ISO global specifications are now available for very high volume RFID tagging of individual items
�h Mandates from retailers are creating a yearly demand for billions of pallet/ case RFID tags (ultimately about 40 billion yearly), reducing the cost of both RFID tags and systems of interest to postal and courier services for similar applications. These use the license free but previously relatively unproven UHF frequency band. This is around 900 MHz, the precise frequency depending on legislature. Of the order of 500 million are being delivered on goods sent to retailers in 2006, this being four times the number of UHF RFID tags delivered to all applications in the previous 60 years. Tag price has dropped to 15 cents or so and 5 cents is promised when billions are bought yearly in about two years.
�h At the most used RFID frequency of HF (13.56 MHz), there is now booming usage in libraries, laundries, toys, tickets, cards and many other applications. This has led to value engineering, automation and volume production with prices of RFID tags and systems tumbling down and one billion HF RFID labels delivered in 60 years but the next billion HF RFID labels will be delivered in under two years. Tag price reductions are in prospect here too. Indeed, this frequency is low enough for printed transistor circuits to be an option in 2007 and in mass use as labels by 2015 . These replace the silicon chip, promising one cent price or less for complete RFID labels and eventually (after 2016?) direct printing onto items, just like barcodes today.
�h Several companies (Miyake, DAG Systems, SUBTROPIC, Tagsense, UPM Rafsec) now offer or facilitate passive HF tags and systems that work at two to ten meters range and are usually more tolerant of water and metal than UHF, previously the only option for batteryless ie “passive” RFID at these ranges. Using its new HF system based on new Schreiner RFID labels, Intermec even reads metal cases at up to one meter when obscured by other metal cases. Only one year ago, those teaching RFID would say that HF tags, while being by far the most popular type, with over 55% of the market by value, could never work above one meter range and they only achieve one meter in a relatively unimpeded environment.
�h For longer ranges (10 meters to two kilometers), tags with batteries are needed and here there is an advance from large devices with large batteries to ones with coin batteries and even many with printed batteries where the RFID tag takes the form of a label that may even act as a recorder of temperature, humidity etc at low cost. There are also new ways of locating things using beams with these active tags and ways of incorporating WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, GPS or GSM for location and communication.
�h Postal sorting machinery, fork lifts and other equipment is now increasingly available in RFID enabled form.
Examples of RFID labels suitable for item level tagging of even small items are shown below. In the centre is a UHF label from UPM Rafsec and on the right is an HF tag from TagSys. Clearly the electronic postage stamp is on its way.
Source: IDTechEx
Benchmarking the postal/courier use of RFID with other sectors
Benchmarking postal adoption of RFID with that for similar uses in other industries shows scope for postal and courier services to catch up in several instances. For example, the Consumer Packaged Goods CPG and industrial laundry sectors are ahead of postal/ courier in using RFID on high volume items. The healthcare profession is ahead of postal/ courier in using RFID badges and wristbands, some of which can even record incidents and/or locate staff. Eight airports now RFID label baggage for reasons of security, cost reduction and better use of constrained space - lessons here too. Market 2006-2016 The global market for RFID systems, including tags, in this sector will grow extremely rapidly to be $3 billion in 2016.
Source: IDTechEx
Demand may be much larger if current efforts to tag individual items gain widespread acceptance. In due course, over one trillion postal items will be tagged yearly, making this the second largest application of RFID in the world after the retail supply chain. That may occur around 2020 but much more will happen just in the next few years. Saudi Post and the electronics giants in Korea are among the great innovators in this area. Within Deutsche Post, another RFID innovator, DHL has done successful trials of RFID labelling individual items to improve service and reduce cost and has tested market prices against the possibility of tagging all its one billion items yearly. This is the stuff of competitive advantage. Active vs passive Today, the percentage of tags by value that are active (ie with a battery to increase range or manage sensors or encryption)) is around 20%. In the postal and courier service the percentage by value is higher because most of the initial work is done on vehicles, trailers and conveyances but that will change. As the really high volume tagging of postal items commences, the percentage of spend on active tags in the postal and courier service will drop to a figure below the average for all RFID. Indeed, the new passive tags with enhanced performance, notably improved range, will take market share from active tags in existing applications. Nonetheless, the market for active tags in the postal and courier service will continue to rise. It will remain a worthwhile and profitable activity for suppliers. Many new products from world class suppliers There has been a sharp increase in highly competent suppliers of software, hardware, tags, systems, systems integration, RFID enabled equipment etc that are offering exciting new capability in the sector. They include Microsoft, Symbol Technologies Wincor Nixdorf, Neopost, GATS, Lyngsoe Systems, Lijnco, CODEplus, WINN Solutions, Denstron, Texas Instruments, KSW Microtec, Identec, Savi Technology, CSC, Trenstar, ID Systems, ASK, NBG ID, Hala Supply Chain Services, EM Microelectronic, Trimex International, Escort Memory Systems, ECO Co, Intermec, UPM Rafsec, SamSys, Hi-G-Tek, NCR, Avonwood, Cypak, Avery Dennison, Alien Technology, FKI Logistex and Baumer Ident. In East Asia, many postal organisations are taking an ambitious holistic view of the RFID enabled organisation. They are prepared to change working practices radically to optimise use of new technologies such as RFID. They will invest heavily. New report and key conference Those in the postal and courier services and those supplying them will now ignore RFID at their peril. What do the Koreans mean by Ubiquitous Sensor Networks and why the large government backing for that program? What do East Asian businesses mean when they plan a holistic view of RFID in the postal service? These and many other opportunities, successes and failures are aired in the new report RFID for Postal and Courier Services 2006-2016. It includes 30 new case studies involving most of the above suppliers. The world’s largest conference on the |
