工商時報 12.07.1998
歐美輸東南亞空運 銳減五成
受到東南亞金融風暴的衝擊,東南亞地區的購買力大幅消退,連帶使得歐洲及北美地區輸運往東南亞的貨物大減。根據國內航空業估算,今年該航線的載貨量,減少五成左右,運價也隨之下滑,至今仍無法回復生氣。幸好歐、美航線已進入聖誕節前的大旺季,運價也向上調漲,使最近整個航空貨運業績勉強恢復水準。
航空業者說,去年歐、美輸運貨物往東南亞地區,曾出現每星期加班次,或出包機的熱絡情況。從去年底金融風暴吹起,原本無淡旺季之分的東南亞航空貨運市場,除香港、新加坡還算平穩外,因東南亞地區民眾的消費力大打折扣,歐、美運往東南亞地區貨物即呈遞減狀態,今年至今已落入谷底,粗估大約減少五成左右,運價也下滑數成。
航空業者表示,雖然東南亞航空貨運市場低迷,幸好歐、美航線有所轉機形成填補作用。近幾個月來,輸歐、美貨物趨於熱絡,尤其,空運電子資訊產品及周邊設備正進入交貨高峰,現階段已步入聖誕節前的貨運巔峰期,預料至十二月中旬才會稍微轉淡。
航空業者指出,在歐、美航線貨運業務大量湧進下,稍微填補東南亞空運的低迷窘境,今年年度貨運業績將可能出現微幅衰退現象。
電腦網路業產值 未來三年年增率逾17% 【記者羅弘旭台北報導】
網際網路的出現已經帶動資訊產業重心的轉移,過去以個人電腦為重的資訊產業,轉向網路、通訊等領域發展,而電腦網路及數據通訊則是台灣業者早有基礎的領域,資策會MIC IT IS預估,電腦網路產業未來三年的平均成長幅度都在一七%以上,高於資訊硬體產業一四%的成長率。
資策會MIC IT IS預估,今年電腦網路硬體產值可達十億一千五百萬美元,二○○○年產值為十二億美元,二○○一年產值為十四億一千二百萬美元,二○○二年產值為十六億五千九百萬美元,年平均成長率都在一七%上下,不僅高於通訊產業一一%的平均值,也高於資訊硬體產業一四%的平均成長率,由此一數據可以看出,電腦網路在資訊產業中的地位已漸凌駕於個人電腦之上,成為當前的明星產業。
資策會指出,電腦網路產業之所以逐漸崛起,可以歸納出「網際網路熱潮」、「技術門檻降低」等原因,前者帶動整體網路需求,後者則加速訂單流往台灣。
網際網路的應用必須奠基在網路硬體架構之上,這一點毋庸置疑,拜網際網路之賜,以生產路由器為主的思科系統,上個月總市值超越三千億美元,已經凌駕於英特爾之上,而網路架構的形成,不僅需要路由器,也需要集線器、交換器、網路卡等產品,從過去的中繼器( Repeater)、集線器(Hub),到目前當紅的交換器(Switch),網際網路顯著帶動硬體產品 的需求。
資策會強調,總體網路需求成長連帶讓台灣網路產業沾光,放眼國際上,僅有台灣與美國二地有生產網路產品的能力,而美商業者向來採取高利潤策略,毛利率低於三○%以下的產品,都儘量委託代工,台灣當然就是理所當然的代工地區,目前思科、英特爾、3Com、Bay等業者,在台灣幾乎都有合作對象,目前由台灣所生產的網路卡、集線器,市場佔有率也高達五○%以上。
過去一年來,電腦網路產業之所以不受產品單價下滑影響,主要原因在於大廠逐漸釋出交換器訂單,由於網路產品沒有革命性的技術演進,能夠提供交換器晶片的業者越來越多,台灣業者趁此機會拉近與大廠的技術水準,一旦產品能夠量產,就有機會接到交換器訂單,足以彌補集線器和網路卡單價下跌的影響。
油國減產 油價漲為去年兩倍強【記者邱輝龍綜合六日外電報導】
整合業者無燃料附加費困擾
日本經濟新聞週一報導,今年三月石油輸出國家組織(OPEC)決定加強減產以來,國際原油價格節節走高,目前油價水準為去年的兩倍強,有分析師表示,油價的大幅漲升可能使全球通貨膨脹升溫。
報導指出,自一九七五年以來,除了第二次石油危機(一九七八至一九八二年)、波斯灣危機及戰爭(一九九○至九一年)期間之外,原油價格(中東杜拜生產)一直穩定在每桶十五美元左右。
然而,今年二月,由於原油需求下滑,每桶油價急跌至九美元強。OPEC因而在三月決定加強減產,嗣後油價持續激漲,目前每桶達到廿三美元強,為一九九一年以來 的最高水準。
隨著油價的走高,其他商品價格亦開始蠢蠢欲動。由於居高思危,投機資金漸漸由股市流入至美國商品市場,商品價格指標CRB指數在本月三日達到二○四•三九點,自今年二月以來已上揚二十點。
美國聯邦準備理事會(Fed)六月以來三度調高利率,歐洲央行十一月也出現在貨幣整合以來首度調高利率的行動,其主要目的在於預防勞動供需吃緊帶來通貨膨脹,同時也是對商品價格走高的警惕。
報導指出,除了繼續實施零利率政策的日本之外,全球的金融當局已將關注焦點轉移至通貨膨脹,隨著世界景氣的復甦,通貨膨脹可能如影隨形。
Country |
Jan. |
Feb. |
Mar. |
Apr |
May |
June |
July |
Aug |
Sept |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Sub-total |
Japan |
4,796,721 |
4,426,733 |
4,959,001 |
4,708,198 |
4,673,624 |
6,144,936 |
5,917,083 |
5,192,877 |
5,851,976 |
7,144,334 |
6,004,762 |
7,805,422 |
67,625,667 |
United States |
3,656,773 |
2,946,606 |
3,858,715 |
3,797,348 |
4,756,899 |
7,476,909 |
6,399,513 |
5,990,473 |
5,843,416 |
6,015,729 |
5,142,092 |
6,180,956 |
62,065,429 |
Hong Kong |
4,740,283 |
2,537,347 |
3,846,775 |
4,492,959 |
4,308,419 |
3,807,308 |
3,945,418 |
4,176,085 |
5,267,031 |
6,004,083 |
5,964,860 |
6,001,752 |
55,092,320 |
Other European |
2,134,678 |
1,716,697 |
2,320,019 |
2,388,628 |
2,367,150 |
2,376,978 |
2,028,853 |
1,961,571 |
2,143,880 |
2,772,211 |
2,818,211 |
3,240,248 |
28,269,124 |
Thailand |
2,469,715 |
1,928,773 |
2,049,646 |
1,961,962 |
1,838,456 |
1,586,020 |
2,139,200 |
2,711,328 |
2,356,822 |
2,509,000 |
2,635,638 |
2,631,836 |
26,818,396 |
Singapore |
1,824,061 |
1,291,562 |
1,783,756 |
1,785,569 |
1,879,155 |
1,933,970 |
1,865,722 |
1,611,196 |
1,686,636 |
2,100,280 |
2,027,603 |
2,477,805 |
22,267,315 |
Korea |
1,913,105 |
964,142 |
1,464,839 |
1,626,138 |
1,508,075 |
1,130,430 |
1,284,454 |
964,642 |
1,349,958 |
1,783,585 |
1,735,373 |
2,023,136 |
17,747,877 |
Other Asian |
1,147,074 |
842,750 |
975,883 |
1,374,021 |
1,185,541 |
1,381,940 |
1,186,407 |
1,235,362 |
1,609,622 |
1,581,511 |
1,696,413 |
1,944,822 |
16,161,346 |
Holland |
657,325 |
665,673 |
959,114 |
916,089 |
1,158,566 |
949,458 |
824,144 |
995,343 |
791,385 |
1,009,761 |
1,226,713 |
1,561,361 |
11,714,932 |
Malaysia |
817,666 |
695,112 |
716,302 |
690,605 |
662,748 |
623,365 |
798,576 |
722,412 |
788,982 |
900,466 |
894,540 |
863,067 |
9,173,841 |
Indonesia |
938,411 |
764,233 |
608,589 |
532,692 |
663,867 |
312,587 |
333,996 |
490,168 |
636,789 |
796,137 |
892,781 |
827,777 |
7,798,027 |
Germany |
353,449 |
580,270 |
573,934 |
496,659 |
469,874 |
649,231 |
594,145 |
671,369 |
720,759 |
766,768 |
779,148 |
683,863 |
7,339,469 |
Philippine |
432,397 |
399,632 |
517,062 |
512,597 |
626,469 |
700,016 |
737,706 |
698,760 |
771,161 |
327,790 |
485,864 |
575,842 |
6,785,296 |
U.K. |
470,022 |
437,680 |
674,885 |
437,998 |
568,237 |
575,615 |
600,067 |
541,820 |
457,329 |
599,074 |
707,707 |
635,997 |
6,706,431 |
Australia |
617,612 |
725,510 |
502,145 |
365,670 |
399,855 |
699,996 |
334,620 |
417,587 |
526,691 |
659,689 |
540,223 |
686,692 |
6,476,290 |
France |
429,668 |
328,670 |
426,610 |
281,979 |
357,854 |
395,693 |
503,709 |
359,919 |
581,682 |
676,701 |
508,518 |
488,046 |
5,339,049 |
Canada |
147,619 |
133,182 |
243,494 |
333,440 |
428,082 |
459,065 |
722,829 |
307,362 |
243,643 |
152,245 |
236,056 |
217,623 |
3,624,640 |
Belgium |
195,877 |
50,990 |
251,803 |
150,350 |
213,964 |
196,629 |
138,857 |
319,730 |
264,284 |
292,069 |
224,142 |
341,192 |
2,639,887 |
Swiss |
83,113 |
126,705 |
132,138 |
161,273 |
178,342 |
123,798 |
178,182 |
177,484 |
220,957 |
201,822 |
228,565 |
156,917 |
1,969,296 |
Middle
East |
195,750 |
134,957 |
122,323 |
65,141 |
47,197 |
57,890 |
135,761 |
44,736 |
85,468 |
332,672 |
202,203 |
442,861 |
1,866,959 |
New
Zealand |
265,172 |
144,136 |
74,640 |
77,693 |
106,975 |
105,297 |
173,150 |
121,992 |
243,061 |
137,921 |
127,369 |
190,409 |
1,767,815 |
Italy |
86,983 |
84133 |
69,010 |
122,386 |
102,598 |
127,289 |
246,461 |
178,467 |
111,578 |
150,957 |
106,701 |
126,517 |
1,513,080 |
Vietnam |
76,793 |
84,034 |
65,006 |
89,039 |
116,119 |
120,582 |
137,755 |
141,248 |
90,011 |
92,714 |
123,861 |
105,116 |
1,242,278 |
Austria
|
62,342 |
76,202 |
97,607 |
121,281 |
114389 |
98,151 |
112,147 |
87,209 |
164,766 |
72,209 |
39,735 |
143,108 |
1,189,146 |
Middle/S.America |
35,647 |
26,415 |
75,935 |
21,127 |
73,650 |
59,150 |
71,796 |
19,391 |
26,080 |
54,356 |
50,801 |
54,788 |
569,136 |
Spain |
21,474 |
33,800 |
87,071 |
9,822 |
32,148 |
57,524 |
37,059 |
34,819 |
25,028 |
36,627 |
29,492 |
38,074 |
442,938 |
other
Africa |
39,704 |
40,696 |
7,129 |
9,485 |
2,661 |
66,200 |
32,670 |
41,249 |
9,756 |
7,289 |
14,345 |
19,443 |
290,627 |
India |
13,970 |
29,116 |
19,294 |
6,377 |
22,319 |
24,197 |
27,461 |
18,143 |
17,602 |
15,813 |
68,637 |
8,492 |
271,421 |
Oceania |
10,208 |
627 |
17,241 |
5,093 |
853 |
38,853 |
3,081 |
12,896 |
55,659 |
18,127 |
8,853 |
1,191 |
172,682 |
South
Africa |
20,325 |
20,606 |
6,367 |
5,995 |
14,946 |
2,874 |
10,206 |
22,556 |
7,557 |
6,746 |
14,423 |
4,312 |
136,913 |
East
European |
10,011 |
5,389 |
7,700 |
15,222 |
7,201 |
8,921 |
6,636 |
12,806 |
4,162 |
4,251 |
4,919 |
7,060 |
94,278 |
Okinawa |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Monthly
total |
28,663,948 |
22,240,378 |
27,514,033 |
27,562,836 |
28,886,233 |
32,290,872 |
31,527,664 |
30,281,000 |
32,953,731 |
37,222,937 |
35,540,548 |
40,485,725 |
|
Country
|
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
June |
July |
Aug |
Sept |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec
|
Sub
Total |
U.S.A. |
11,045,033 |
9,073,865 |
12,874,759 |
11,507,811 |
12,597,262 |
12,729,039 |
13,431,917 |
12,893,442 |
12,374,419 |
16,331,898 |
15,225,120 |
14,590,043 |
154,674,608 |
Japan |
4,489,646 |
4,195,254 |
6,034,721 |
5,555,243 |
6,224,297 |
5,549,409 |
5,981,131 |
4,290,864 |
3,976,323 |
5,735,483 |
5,372,186 |
5,857,687 |
63,262,244 |
Hong
Kong |
4,420,420 |
2,999,316 |
4,628,149 |
4,491,140 |
4,655,930 |
4,713,625 |
5,019,272 |
4,746,796 |
4,841,258 |
5,813,069 |
5,349,270 |
5,348,211 |
57,026,456 |
Asia
O/C |
2,004,364 |
1,300,607 |
2,360,525 |
2,337,188 |
2,514,331 |
2,428,445 |
2,651,073 |
2,540,791 |
2,294,121 |
2,835,499 |
2,547,467 |
2,403,322 |
28,217,733 |
European
O/C |
2,012,805 |
1,930,706 |
2,263,296 |
2,105,387 |
2,000,213 |
1,927,794 |
1,987,510 |
2,082,989 |
2,063,147 |
2,620,657 |
2,634,877 |
2,770,462 |
26,399,843 |
U.K. |
1,856,209 |
1,619,235 |
2,153,200 |
2,246,798 |
2,139,439 |
1,910,344 |
2,014,388 |
1,945,340 |
1,980,825 |
2,826,195 |
2,931,844 |
2,350,105 |
25,973,922 |
Germany |
1,852,751 |
1,556,903 |
2,176,162 |
1,955,309 |
1,926,201 |
1,696,636 |
2,052,085 |
1,972,186 |
2,123,380 |
2,943,480 |
2,783,688 |
2,609,486 |
25,648,267 |
Singapore |
1,316,563 |
1,137,420 |
1,529,973 |
1,514,172 |
1,570,728 |
1,477,332 |
1,733,575 |
1,711,079 |
1,612,106 |
1,870,920 |
1,773,176 |
2,072,462 |
19,319,506 |
Holland |
1,376,575 |
1,210,386 |
1,670,567 |
1,221,083 |
1,113,564 |
1,167,728 |
1,179,553 |
1,081,144 |
1,181,280 |
1,783,238 |
1,650,837 |
1,891,494 |
16,527,449 |
Korea |
974,134 |
709,745 |
1,228,231 |
1,187,420 |
1,098,275 |
1,047,796 |
1,248,187 |
1,133,860 |
1,082,342 |
1,299,198 |
1,173,759 |
1,658,454 |
13,841,401 |
Thailand |
890,636 |
729,633 |
965,782 |
948,927 |
1,127,096 |
1,021,533 |
1,021,264 |
884,002 |
899,003 |
1,168,858 |
1,104,194 |
1,084,850 |
11,845,778 |
Malaysia |
827,273 |
582,408 |
905,020 |
838,524 |
870,506 |
951,995 |
995,301 |
949,654 |
928,189 |
1,141,392 |
1,028,095 |
1,114,650 |
11,133,007 |
Australia |
785,306 |
671,140 |
948,798 |
861,530 |
878,191 |
788,189 |
986,568 |
837,788 |
774,385 |
956,539 |
1,036,691 |
889,178 |
10,414,303 |
France |
820,080 |
652,558 |
803,532 |
846,536 |
708,959 |
585,918 |
594,006 |
532,492 |
690,925 |
774,080 |
834,017 |
880,785 |
8,723,888 |
Italy |
577,184 |
563,162 |
631,010 |
670,867 |
661,659 |
507,184 |
557,972 |
308,666 |
398,057 |
722,739 |
797,317 |
718,428 |
7,114,245 |
Philippine |
486,886 |
530,675 |
616,741 |
513,470 |
642,167 |
685,657 |
646,346 |
619,534 |
721,059 |
763,662 |
655,282 |
219,845 |
7,101,324 |
Middle
East |
462,720 |
446,098 |
599,854 |
531,484 |
603,660 |
511,306 |
630,236 |
584,153 |
554,088 |
651,175 |
629,469 |
755,061 |
6,959,304 |
Canada |
435,860 |
469,185 |
594,410 |
590,271 |
563,552 |
593,722 |
546,576 |
558,094 |
508,445 |
732,077 |
667,571 |
646,479 |
6,906,242 |
Indonesia |
163,103 |
212,501 |
483,452 |
493,504 |
546,843 |
388,356 |
382,538 |
345,473 |
388,678 |
549,379 |
450,119 |
423,485 |
4,827,431 |
India |
336,089 |
280,163 |
417,100 |
387,239 |
416,200 |
396,953 |
404,787 |
461,889 |
391,187 |
393,773 |
353,070 |
429,393 |
4,667,843 |
Vietnam |
290,643 |
115,389 |
317,807 |
390,499 |
514,096 |
344,891 |
349,164 |
244,246 |
296,104 |
494,286 |
461,681 |
429,074 |
4,247,880 |
Spain |
246,496 |
258,840 |
343,942 |
324,302 |
313,503 |
300,743 |
344,771 |
311,478 |
279,216 |
365,820 |
377,697 |
411,237 |
3,878,045 |
Belgium |
201,130 |
182,013 |
238,181 |
244,327 |
268,347 |
228,811 |
266,960 |
235,326 |
301,848 |
298,137 |
338,526 |
453,999 |
3,257,605 |
Austria |
236,640 |
202,072 |
216,690 |
217,698 |
205,864 |
210,804 |
273,196 |
271,848 |
275,791 |
357,086 |
306,640 |
338,179 |
3,112,508 |
Middle
S/AM |
188,126 |
181,226 |
243,023 |
256,560 |
303,670 |
266,920 |
314,925 |
334,188 |
266,055 |
268,316 |
199,642 |
175,685 |
2,998,336 |
Swiss |
222,661 |
157,063 |
218,475 |
223,562 |
205,183 |
181,236 |
193,041 |
155,530 |
184,529 |
247,089 |
219,226 |
210,629 |
2,418,224 |
S.
Africa |
160,907 |
143,968 |
214,043 |
175,162 |
198,178 |
146,160 |
180,275 |
172,012 |
180,576 |
221,236 |
228,372 |
159,685 |
2,180,574 |
Africa
O/c |
119,566 |
106,340 |
148,750 |
140,403 |
173,831 |
122,236 |
151,383 |
117,850 |
98,716 |
126,226 |
150,379 |
125,869 |
1,581,549 |
East
European |
132,695 |
118,697 |
150,500 |
137,626 |
132,766 |
107,552 |
136,158 |
151,175 |
109,718 |
114,886 |
120,442 |
162,207 |
1,574,422 |
New
Zealand |
75,029 |
61,466 |
87,442 |
86,794 |
94,816 |
88,171 |
94,928 |
113,663 |
73,850 |
111,602 |
93,905 |
90,116 |
1,071,782 |
Oceanasia |
14,125 |
14,303 |
19,448 |
32,957 |
32,988 |
35,953 |
46,368 |
36,445 |
26,343 |
20,868 |
17,835 |
30,181 |
327,814 |
Okinawa |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Monthly
total |
39,021,655 |
32,402,337 |
46,083,583 |
43,033,793 |
45,302,315 |
43,112,438 |
46,415,454 |
42,623,997 |
41,875,963 |
54,538,863 |
51,512,394 |
51,300,741 |