¤»¼Ð·Ç®t

 Six Sigma ½t°_

  1. 1970¦~¥N¤é¥»ªQ¤U¹q¾¹­n¨D¨ÑÀ³°Ó¹F ¦¨PPM ªº«~½è¤ô·Ç¡C
  2. ¦b1981¦~MotorolaÁ`µôBob Galvin´£¥X5¦~¤º¬D¾Ô¥ø·~ÁZ®Ä´£°ª10­¿ªº¸gÀ給²¤¡C
  3. 1985¦~Bill Smithµoªí¤@½g½×¤åÁ`µ² ¨ä¬ã¨sªºµ²ªG¡G¡y°²¦p¤@²£«~¦b¥Í²£½u¸Ë°t®ÉµL¯ÊÂI¡A¸Ó²£«~¦bÅU«Èªì´Á¨Ï¥Î®É«Ü¤Ö·| ¥¢®Ä¡C¡z
  4. 1988¦~Motorolaűo¬ü°ê°ê®a«~½è¼ú¡A¨ä¥L¤½¥q¬ã¨sMotorolaªº¦¨¥\«á¦ÓÄv¬Û­À®Ä ¡A©ó¬OSix Sigma¦¨¬°°ê»Ú«~½è¼Ð¬ñ¡C
  5. 1990¦~M. J. Harryµoªí¤@½g½×¤å¡mThe Strategic Vision for Accelerating Six Sigma within Motorola¡n¡A¤Þ°_Á`µôBob Galvinªº­« µø ¡C
  6. 1993¦~HarryÂ÷¶}Motorola°Ñ»P Six Sigma AcademyÁ`µôR.Schroederªº¹Î¶¤ ¡C
  7. Harry¤ÎSchroeder¸g¤Q¦~ªº§V¤O§ïµ½ ¤ÎÄÄ©úSix Sigmaªº¬ð¯}µ¦²¤¡ASix Sigma Academy¦¨¬°¥D¾ÉSix Sigma °V½m¤Î¾É¤Jªº ¾÷ºc¡C
  8. 1995¦~Welch«Å§G¶}©l¾É¤J°_¡A±q«H¥Î ¥d¨Æ·~³¡¨ì­¸¾÷¤ÞÀº¨Æ·~³¡ªº¨C¤@­Ó§@·~³£¥H¹F¨ìSix Sigma¬°¥Ø¼Ð¡C
  9. 2000¦~1¤ëºÖ¯S¨T¨®«Å§G¥þ­±¾É¤J Six Sigma ¡C

 Six Sigma °ò¥»­ì²z

  ©Ò¿×Six Sigma´N¬O¥H«~½è­p¶q¬°§Þ³NÆ[ÂI¡A¹ï¨C¤@»sµ{¡B²£«~¡BªA°Èªº¨C¤@§@·~¦Ó¨¥¡Aµo¥Í¯ÊÂIªº¾÷²v¨C¤@¦Ê¸Uªº¾÷·|¤¤¤£¨ì3.4¦¸¡A§Y¬°3.4 dpmo (3.4 defects per million opportunities)¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¨C¤@¥÷¶l¥óªº¿ò¥¢¡A¨C¤@¥~¬ì¤â³Nªº¥¢±Ñ¡A¨C¤@¦¸Âå®v³B¤èªº¿ù»~¡A¯èªÅ¤½¥q¨C¦¸­¸¯è­°¸¨ªº¥¢»~¡A»s³y¹Lµ{¤¤¨C¤@§@·~ªº¤£¨}¡A²Õ¸Ë²£«~¨C¤@ ¹s¥óªº¯ÊÂI¡A¡Kµ¥µ¥¡C

 Six Sigma ¾É¤J­n»â

  1. Six Sigma¬¡°Ê¬O²Õ´³Ì°ª·í§½¥D¾Éªº§ïµ½¬¡°Ê¡A¨Ò¦pGE CEO(Jack Welch)¡BMotorola(Bob Galvin)¤ÎAlliedSignal(Larry Bossidy)¡A¥H¦³¨t²Îªº¤è¦¡±À¼s¨ìºÞ²z¤Î§@·~ ¦U¶¥¼h¡C
  2. ¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD¥H»s³y¤¤¤ß¶}©l¡A¤×¨ä¥H­°§C¦¨¥»¤Î®ö¶O¡B´£ª@¨}²v¤Î¼W¥[²£¶q¬°­z¨D­«ÂI¡A¥H¦¹±j½Õ­«µø«È¤á ªº»Ý¨D¡C¸g¦³¦¨®Ä¡A«h³vº¥±À¼s¨ì«D»s³y³¡ªùªº­«­n°ÝÃD¡C
  3. ª½±µ¿Å¶q«~½è¡B¦¨¥»¡B¥æ´Á¤Î²£¶qªºÁZ®Ä¬°­p¶qªº­«ÂI¡A¦P®É¥H°]°È¼Æ¾Úµû¦ô±M®×ªº­«­n©Ê¡A¥H¬°¿ï©w±M®× ªº¨Ì¾Ú¤Îµû¦ô¹ê»Úªº¦¨®Ä¡C
  4. ¤@­Ó¨å«¬ªº±M®×ÁZ®Ä¥H¨C¦~¸`¬Ù©Î¼W¯q¤­¸U¬üª÷¬°¥Ø¼Ð¡A¥HAlliedSignal¬°¨Ò¡Aªì´Á±M®×§Q¯q¶W¹L¤@¦Ê¸U¬ü¤¸¡C
  5. ¹ê»Ú°õ¦æ±M®×¬¡°Êªº¥D­n¤H­û¡A¦p¤p²Õ»â¾É¡A¤j¬ù¦û¨ä¤u§@®É¶¡ªº50%~100%(¦b¨ä¥L¤p²Õ¦¨­ûªº¨ó§U¤U)¡C³o¨Ç¤H­ûªºÂ¾ºÙ¦U®a»¡ªk¤£¤@¡AMotorola¤ÎGEºÙ¬°¶Â±a(Black Belts)¡AAlliedSignalºÙ¬°»sµ{§ïµ½¤j®v(Process Improvement Masters)©ÎPolaroidºÙ¬°­°§CÅܲ§»â¾É(Variation Reduction Leaders)¡C¤@¯ëºÙ¬°¶Â±a¡C
  6. ¶Â±aªº°ö°V¥]¬ASix Sigmaªº°õ¦æ¨BÆJDMAIC¤Î°ªµ¥ªº²Î­p­p¶q¤èªk¡A±K¶°¦¡ªº4¶g½Òµ{¡C
  7.  ¾É¤Jªì´Áªº±Ð¨|°V½m½Òµ{³q±`¥Ñ¥~³¡±M®a­t³d¡A¨ü°V¤H­û¥]¬A¥¼¨Óªº¶Â±a¡B¶Â±a¤j®v¡B²Î»â¤Î¤½¥q¤º³¡ªº²Î­p±M®a¡C¶Â±a¤j®v³Ì«á©Ó¾á¤º³¡¶Â±aªº°ö¨|¤u§@¨Ã­t³d°Ñ»PÅU°Ý¡B±Ð¨|°V½m¤Î±M®×¼f¬dªº¤u§@¡C
  8. ªì´Á±M®×ªº§¹¦¨«á(¤@­Ó±M®×ªº´Á¶¡³Ì¦n3~6­Ó¤ë¶¡)¡A¤p²Õ»â¾É(¶Â±a)¦A¶}µo¤@·s±M®×¡A­«½Æ®i¶}DMAICªº¨BÆJ¡C¦P´Á¶¡¤@­Ó¤p²Õ»â¾É(¶Â±a)¥i­t³d´X­Ó±M®×¨Ã¦VºÞ²z¶¥¼h³ø§i¡C
  9. Six Sigma¨Ï¥Îªº§Þ³N»P¶Ç²Îªº§ïµ½§Þ³N¤]¨S¤°»ò®t§O¡A¦ý¬O¥¦¬°¦ó¦³¦p¦¹¥iÆ[ªºÀu¶Õ¡A¦p¤U»¡©ú¡G
  • ¨t²Î¤ÆªºÀ³¥Î²Î­p¤u¨ãVS.µLÃö³sªº¨Ï¥Î ¥¦­Ì¡C
  • ¥HDMAICªºµ{§Ç¹B¥Î²Î­p¤u¨ãVS.¤j¾Ç²Î ­p½Òµ{ªº¸Ñ²ßÃD¤è¦¡¡C
  • ±j½Õ­°§CÅܲ§ªº­«­n©ÊVS.¥uª¾¥Î¤°»ò¤è ªk¦ô­p¤ÎÀË©w¸ûºë±K¡C
  • ¥H¾ú¥v¸ê®Æ®w¤èªk¨ÓÅçÃÒ°ÝÃDÂIVS.ª½Ä±¤Î¸gÅç¡C
  • ¶}µo¥X³q¦æ°ê»Úªº¼Ð·Ç³N»y¡B«~½è«ü¼Ð¤Î¤u¨ã¡C

 Six Sigma »PQS-9000ªº³sµ²

  ISO-9000¨t¦C¼Ð·Ç¬O­n¨D¥þ¥@¬É¥ô¦ó²Õ´¯à¥H³Ì°ò¥»ªº¨t²Î¨Ó«Ø¥ß²£«~©ÎªA°Èªº¤@©wªº«~½è¤ô·Ç¡AISO-9000¥H¤å¥óªº¤è¦¡µý©ú¤@­Ó²Õ´»¡ªº¸ò§@ªº¬O¤@¼Ëªº (Doing what it said that it was doing)¡CQS-9000±N¥¦´£°ª¨ì§ó°ªªº¤ô·Ç¡A°£¤F«~½è¨t²Î­n¨DªºQS-9000±ø¤å¥~¡AÁÙ¥]¬AMSA¡BSPC ¡BPPAP¡BFMEA¡BAPQP¤ÎQSA¡C¨T¨®²£·~¥H¦P¤@¨t²Î­n¨D¨ÑÀ³°Ó«Ø¥ß«~½èºÞ²z¤Î«OÃÒ¨î«×¡A¤j¤j´î¤Ö¨ÑÀ³°Óªº¤å¥ó­t¾á¡C
  Six Sigma
¤]¬O¦b¦P¤@®É´Á¤½½Ñ©ó¥@¡A»PQS-9000±À¥Xªº®É¥N­I´º¬Û¦P¡A¦p«e­±©Ò¤¶²ÐSix Sigmaªº¯S¦â»PQS-9000ªºAPQP¡BSPC ¡BFMEA¡BMSAµ¥¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃDªº¤èªk¦ü¥G¨SÔ£¤£¦P¡A¦ý¬OSix Sigmaªº¾ÖÅ@ªÌ«o¤j¨¥¤£ºFªº»¡¡ySix Sigma¡GThe Breakthrough Management Strategy Revolutionizing the World¡¦s Top Corporations¡z¡C

  • ­p¹º(Program) vs. ±M®×(Project) View QS-9000¥H¨C¤@¾÷ºØ¥þ­±ªº­p¹º©Î¦h¶µªº ±M®×¶i¦æ¾É¤J¡C

Six Sigma¤@­Ó¤p²Õ¦P®É¶¡¶i¦æ¤@­Ó±M®×¾É¤J¡C

  • ¨âªÌ¨Ï¥Îªº§ïµ½§Þ³N²¤¦P

²Î­p§Þ³N¬Ò¬Û¦P¡C QS-9000´£¨Ñ¨ãÅ骺¼Ð·Çªº¨t²Î­n¨D¤â¥U (Requirement Manual)¡A¦pQS-9000¡B PPAP¤Î°Ñ¦Ò¤â¥U(Reference Manual)¡A¦p APQP/CP¡BSPC¡BMSA¡BFMEA¡C

  • ¤ô¥­ªº¤è¦¡(QS-9000)vs.««ª½¤è¦¡(Six Sigma)¶i¦æ«~½èªº³W¹º¤Î¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD¡C

 

¡uSix Sigma¡v (6 £m---¤»¼Ð·Ç®t)¡A¬O¤@ºØ¡uºë·Ç¡v°l¨D¡u³Ì¤p®t²§¡vªºÅÞ¿è²z©À¤Î§ïµ½¤âªk¡A¦Ó¥Ø«e¥¿³Q¼sªxÀ³¥Î©ó¥ø·~¸gÀçºÞ²zªº·s«äºû¡C¨äÂǥѲέp¾Ç¤Wªº±`ºA¤À§G»P¾÷²v¼Ò¦¡¡A¾ã¦X¥ø·~ªº¸gÀ給²¤¡B²£«~¬ãµo¡B»sµ{§ïµ½¡B«~½è´£¤É¡Kµ¥¡A¦Ó¹F¨ìÅU«Èº¡·N¡B¦¨¥»­°§C¡BÀò§Q¼W¥[»P¥ø·~§¹¬üÀç¹Bªº¥Ø¼Ð¡C

®Ú¾Ú³Ì·s¤@´Áªº°]´IÂø»x(FORTUNE Magazine)³ø¾É¡A¥Ñ©ó©_²§¤½¥qÀu²§ªº¸gÀç¹Î¶¤©M¥X¦âªºÀò§Qªí²{¡A¨Ï¨ä¦A«×¦b²³¦h¨¤³v¹ï¤â·í¤¤²æ¿o¦Ó¥X¡A¦¨¬°¥þ¬ü¦~«×³Ì¨ü´L±Rªº¥ø·~¡C  

Six Sigmaªº¾É¤J¡A³Ð³y¤F©_²§¤½¥qÅå¤Hªº¸gÀçÁZ®Ä¡F Design For Six Sigmaªº°õ¦æ¡A¤~¬OÅý©_²§¤½¥q¦~¦~«i¹Ü¥þ¬ü³Ì¨ü´L±Rªº¥ø·~ªºµ´©Û¡I  ¸g¹L§Ú­Ì¤G¦~¨Óªº¥ø·~³X¬d¡A¥xÆW³\¦hªº¥ø·~¡A¤£ºÞ³W¼Ò¬O¤j¬O¤p¡A¥¿³z¹LSix Sigma»P¥@¬É±µ­y¡A¥H±j¯PÅÜ­²ªº¥ø¹Ï¡A°l¨D³ÌÀu¨}ªº«~½è¡A¦A³Ð¥xÆW¸gÀÙ©_ÂÝ¡C¬Oªº¡ISix Sigma¥@¬É¯ÅªºÄvª§Àu¶Õ¡A¦b¥xÆW¥¿¨³³t¦a®i¶}¡K¡K¡K¡CSix Sigmaªº§Þ³N¤u¨ã¤j³£¬O¬ì¾Ç¤W¨Ï¥Îªº¤u¨ã¡C¬°¤F¦b°õ¦æSix Sigma±M®×©Î¨ä¥L«~½è§ïµ½±M®×®É¡A¥H¼Æ¾Ú§e²{¨Æ¹ê¨Ã±q¼Æ¾Ú¤¤Àò±o³Ì¦h°T®§¡A¬ì¾Çªº¤ÀªR¤u¨ã¤£¥i¤Ö¡C¥ô¦ó¨ã¦³¦p¦¹·Qªk©Î±q¨Æ«~ºÞ¤u§@ªÌ³£À³¸Ó¹ï³o¼Ëªº¤u¨ã¦³©Ò»{ª¾¡A¦bDMAIC¬yµ{¤¤ªº¤ÀªR©M§ïµ½¬O¤£¥i©Î¯Êªº¤u¨ã¡C¥»½Òµ{±N¤¶²ÐSix Sigma·§©À½g¡BCpk»PSigmaªº¬ÛÃö©Ê¡B²Î­pÀË©w¡BGR&R¡BÅܲ§¼Æ¤ÀªR¡BDOE(¹êÅç³]­p)¡B°jÂk¤ÀªR¡B¥Ð¤f¤èªkµ¥°ò¥»·§©À¤Î¨Ï¥Î¤èªk¡A±N¹ïSix Sigma±M®×ªº°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M§ó¥[±o¤ßÀ³¤â¡C

¡u°Ó·~´¼¼z¡vªº¤C¤j¤¸¥ó°Ó·~´¼¼z¨t²Î²[»\ªº¤u¨ã»PÀ³¥Î½d¹Î¬Æ¼s¡A¨ä¤¤´N·í«e¥ø·~ªº»Ý¨D¦Ó¨¥¡A¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¡B¸ê®Æ«õ±¸¡B¸ê®Æ¥«¶°¡B½u¤W§Y®É¤ÀªR³B²z¡B¨Mµ¦¤ä´©¨t²Î¡B¥­¿Å­p¤À¥d¡B¤»¼Ð·Ç®tµ¥¡A³£ÄÝ©ó­«­nÀ³¥Î¤¸¥ó¡C

1.¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx (Data Warehouse)¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx³o­Ó¦Wµü¦b¦è¤¸1990 ¦~¥ÑBill Inmon©Ò³Ð³y¥X¨Óªº¡A¦]¦¹³Q³ë¬°¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¤§¤÷¡A¦b¡uWhatis a Data Warehouse¡v®Ñ¤¤¡A¥L»{¬°¸ê®Æ­ÜÀxªº¸ê®Æ¦¬¶°¡A¦³4 ºØ¯S©Ê¡G¥DÃD¾É¦V (Subject-Oriented)¡B¾ã¦X©Ê (Integrated) ¡B¨Ì´`®É¶¡Åܰʪº (Timevariant)¡B«D´§µo©Ê (Non-volatile)¡A®Ú¾Ú³o¨Ç¯S©Ê¡A¨Ï¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¯à°÷±N¸ê®Æ´£¨Ñµ¹¨Mµ¦ºÞ²z¨t²Î¶i¦æ³B²z¡C¦Ó¾ÇªÌHoven (1998) ¬°¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¤Uªº©w¸q¬O¡G

¡u¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¬O¤@®M¸g¹L§ï¨}ªº¨Mµ¦¤ä´©¨t²Î¡A¥¦²£¥Í°ª¶¥ªº¡B¾ã¦Xªº¡B¨t²Î¤Æªº¡Bµ²ºc¤Æªº¸ê®Æ¡A¨Ï±o¯à³Q¸ÑÄÀ¡B¬d¸ß¡B³ø§i¡B¤ÀªR¡A¥H¨ó§U°Ó·~ªº¨Mµ¦¡C¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¤D¬°¦³¨t²Îªº·j¶°²Õ´¤é±`¥æ©ö¸ê®Æ¡A³o¨Ç¾ú¥v¸ê®Æ¨ã¦³®É¶¡©Ê»P¾ã¦X©Ê¡A¥H´£¨Ñºë½T¤§¤ÀªR»P¨Mµ¦¤§¥Î¡C©Ò¥H¡A¸ê®Æ­ÜÀxªº­«­n¦b©ó¨ä¾ã¦X©Ê¤Î»P¨Mµ¦®§®§¬ÛÃö¡CInmon (1996) ©Ò´£ªº¡u¥DÃD¾É¦V¡v¬O»¡¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¥i¥H¶°¤¤»P¯S©w¥DÃD¬Û

Ãöªº¸ê°T¡A¦Ó¤£¥u¬O¤½¥q¥Ø«eªºÀç¹B¸ê°T¡F¡u¾ã¦X©Ê¡v¬O«ü¦s©ñ¦b¸ê®Æ­ÜÀxªº¸ê®Æ¬O¦h­Ó¸ê®Æ®w©Î¤£¦Pªº¨t²Î¥­¥xªº¦X¨Ö¡A¦Ó¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx«K¬O­n¾ã¦X¥ø·~

ªº¦h­Ó¸ê®Æ®w¡A¸ó¶V¤£¦Pªº¥­¥x¡A³z¹L¸ê®ÆÂà´«¹Lµ{¡A­nÅýÄæ¦ì¦WºÙ¡B´ú¶qÅܼơB½s½X¤è¦¡¡B¤é´Á®É¶¡µ¥µ¥¥DÃDÄݩʨ㦳¤@­P©Êªº®æ¦¡¡F¡u¨Ì´`®É¶¡ÅÜ°Ê¡v»¡©ú¤é±`ªº§@·~¨t²Î¨C¤Ñ³£¦³·s¸ê®Æ¼W¥[¡A¬°ºû«ù¸ê®Æ­ÜÀxªº¥i¥Î©Ê¡A¥²¶·¦b¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº®É¶¡ÂI¨ì§@·~¨t²Î¤¤Â^¨ú·s¸ê®Æ¡A³o¼Ë¤~¯à½T«O¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¤¤ªº¸ê®Æ¬O³Ì¨ã®É®Ä©Êªº¡F¡u«D´§µo©Ê¡v«h¬Oªí¥Ü¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¤¤ªº¸ê®Æ¤@¥¹³Q·s¼W¤§«á¡A«KÃø¥H³Q§ó

°Ê¡A¥u·|³Q¬d¸ß¡A¦]¦¹¥¦¨ã¦³°ßŪªº©Ê½è©M²Ö¿n©Ê¡A³o¯à°÷¨ÏºÞ²z¶¥¼h±o¨ì¥ø·~°Ó°È«ùÄò©ÊªºÆ[¹î¡C

¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A¥ø·~«K¥i½T©w¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¥»¨­©Ò§t¸ê®Æ¬O¥¿½Tªº¡B§¹¾ãªº¡A¥B¸g¹L¾ã¦Xªº¡A¥H§K»~¾É¥ø·~¦Ó¨Ï¨Mµ¦¦æ¬°²£¥Í²V¶Ã»P»~¥Î¡C¦]¦¹¸ê®Æ±N¥H¾ã»ôªº§Î¦¡»P¨t²Î¤Æªº±Æ¦C¤è¦¡Àx¦s¦b­ÜÀx¨t²Î¤º¡A¥H¨Ñ¬d¸ß©M¤ÀªR¤§¥Î¡C¦]¦¹¡A¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¬O¤@¤Á°Ó·~´¼¼z¨t²Îªº°ò¦¡A¦pªG¨S¦³¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¡A©Î¬O¨S¦³¨¬°÷ªº¸ê®Æ¶q¡A«áÄòªº·J¾ã¡B¤ÀªR¡B¨Mµ¦¤u§@³£¤£¥i¯à¹ê²{¡C¦Ó¨ä»P¶Ç²Î¸ê®Æ®w¤£¦P¤§³B¦b©ó¡G¶Ç²Î¸ê

®Æ®w¥D­n¬O³B²z¥æ©ö¾É¦Vªº°ÝÃD¡A°ò¥»¤W¬O¤@­Ó³B²z§@·~¬yµ{ªº¥æ©ö¨t²Î¡A±j½Õ¥æ©ö¸ê®Æ·s¼W¡B§R°£¡B­×§ïªº§Ö³t»Pí©w¡A¥H¤Î¤j¶q¸ê®Æªº²§°Ê©Î­×§ï³£¥i¥HÂǥѸê®Æ®w¨t²ÎªººÞ²z¯à¤O¹F¨ì¥æ©öªº¦w¥þ©Ê¡A¦¹¥~¨äÁÙ¶·¯à¦P®É©Ó¸ü¦h¤H¨Ï¥Î¨Ã¾Ö¦³¨}¦nªº½u¤W¥æ©ö (OLTP, On-Line Transaction Processing) ³B²z¯à¤O¡F¦Ó¸ê®Æ­ÜÀxªº¥Øªº¤£¶È¦b³B²z·s¼W¡B§R°£¡B²§±`µ¥°ÝÃD¡A¨ä³]­p§ó¥H¡u¸ê°T¤ÀªR¡v¬°®Ö¤ß¡A±j½Õ¦b³Ìµuªº®É¶¡¡B³Ì¦³¼u©Êªº¤è¦¡¤U¡Aº¡¨¬¨Mµ¦ªÌª¾ªº»Ý¨D¡C¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx (DW) »P¶Ç²Î¸ê®Æ®w (MIS) ¤§¤ñ¸û¦pªí¤@©Ò¥Ü¡C

 

¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¥i¥H±aµ¹¥ø·~¥H¤U®Ä¯q¡G

(1) ¥H·~°ÈÆ[ÂI¸ÑªR¤§¦UºØ¥i¿Å¶qªº¸gÀç«ü¼Ð¤Î·N¸q¡F

(2) §Ö³t´£¨Ñ¤@­P¥B¥¿½T¤§¸gÀçºÞ²z¸ê°T¡A¤ä´©¨Mµ¦¤ÀªR¡F

(3) ²¤Æ¸ê°T¨ú±o¤§§@·~¬yµ{ (¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¦Û¦æ»s§@¤ÀªR)¡F

(4) ´£¨Ñ¥ø·~¬yµ{¦A³yªºÅX°Ê¤O¡F

(5) ¸ê°T¾ã¦X§@·~¥­¥x¤ÎBI °ò¦¬[ºc¤§«Ø¸m¡C

Ĭ¶¬ (2000)«ü¥X¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¨ã¦³¨³³t¨ú±o¸ê°Tªº¯à¤O¡B¸ê°T¶°¤¤»P¾ã¦Xªº¯à¤O¡B¸ê°T¤ÀªRªº¯à¤O¡B¸ê®Æ¤ÀªRªº·s¤è¦¡»P·s¯à¤O¡B»P´£¤É¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¹ï¨t²ÎªºÀ³¥Î¯à¤O¡C

¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¨t²Î¯à±N¤½¥q¤ºªº¸ê®Æ¾ã¦X°_¨Ó¡A¨ÃÂà¤Æ¬°¸ê°T¡A¦A¥Ñ¸ê°TÂରª¾ÃÑ

´¼¼z¡A¶i¦Ó´£¤É±Ä¨ú¦æ°Ê¨Mµ¦ªº¯à¤O¡A¬°¼W±jÄvª§¤Oªº¤@­Ó¦³®Ä³~®|¡C§Q¥Î¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¤¤´£¨ÑÂ^¨ú¾ãÅé¥ø·~¸ê°Tªº¯à¤O¡A¥H¥ø·~Æ[ÂI¸ÑªR¦UºØ¥i¿Å¶qªº·N¸q¡B´£¨Ñ¤@­P©Êªº¥ø·~¸ê°T¡B¨Mµ¦¤ä´©ªº¯à¤O¡B¥ø·~¬yµ{¦A³yªºÅX°Ê¤O¡A¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¥i¥H°µ¨ì¸ó¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½ªº¾ã¦X¡A¨Ï¤£¦P¸ê®Æ®wªº¸ê®Æ©¼¦¹¹ïÀ³³sµ²¡C¸ê°T¨t²Îªº«Ø¸m¡A©TµM¸Ñ¨M¤F¸ê®Æ©w®É²£¥X»P¥ß§YÀx¦sªº»Ý¨D¡A¤@¥¹¥ø·~·Q­n±q¸ê°T¨t²ÎÂ^¨ú¸g¹L¾ã¦X«áªº¦U¦¡²Î­p¸ê°T¡A¥ß§Y­±Á{¨ì¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¤£¦Pªº°ÝÃD¡AµLªk¸ó¨t²Î¦P®É¦s¨ú¡A¨Ã¥BµLªk¶i¤@¨B¦Û°Ê¤Æ¥[¤u³B²z¤ÀªR¡A¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¥i¥Hµø¬°´£¨ú¸ê®Æªº³æ¤@µ¡¤f¡A³z¹L¸ê°T¨t²Î¦Û°Ê¤ÆªºÂà´«¡A¥H´î¤Ö¤H¤u¥æ´«ÀÉ®×¥X¿ùªº¥i¯à©Ê¡C¦b°T®§¸UÅÜ¡B¿E¯PÄvª§ªºÀô¹Ò¤U¡A¥ø·~µ¦²¤¤§¨î©w¦ÒÅçµÛ¨C¤@°ª¶¥¥DºÞªº´¼¼z¡A¨î©w¥¿½T¨Mµ¦¡A´£°ª¤½¥qªºÄvª§Àu¶Õ¡B¼W¥[ÅU«Èªºº¡·N«×¥HÀò­P§ó°ªªº§Q¼í¡C¦b³o­Ó¥H¸ê°T¬°¥D¾Éªº®É¥N¸Ì¡A¦p¦ó¦b¯EÃv¦p®üªº¸ê°TªÅ¶¡¸Ì¡A¨³³t¥B¥¿½Tªº¨ú±o©Ò»Ýªº¸ê°T¡A¬O¥ø·~¥¼¨Ó­±Á{¥«³õÄvª§¥²¶·ªºÀu¶Õ»P±ø¥ó¡C

 2.¸ê®Æ«õ±¸ (Data Mining)

¥ô¦ó°Ó·~´¼¼z¾÷¨îªº°õ¦æ¹Lµ{³£¬O³z¥Ñ¸ê®Æ«õ±¸ªº¤èªk¡A±q¤j¶qªº¸ê°T¤¤¾ã²z¡BµÑ¨ú¥X¦³¥Îªº¼Æ¾Ú¸ê®Æ¡A¦A§Q¥Î³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ§ä¥X¨ä²£«~©Î®ø¶O±Ú¸sªº¤À§G§ÎºA¡B¾ú¦~ªºÁͶաB¬O§_¦³©T©wªº®ø¶Oªk«h¤Î¦UºØ¬Û¤¬Ãö«Y¡A³o¨Ç¤ÀªRªk«h¸û¤H­Ì¦Û¦æ©Ò°µªº¤ÀªR¥i¾a«×°ª¥B¨ãÅÞ¿è©Ê¡C¸ê®Æ«õ±¸§Þ³N§Y¬O¥i±N¤§Âà´«¦¨¦³¥Îªº¸ê°Tªº¤u¨ã¡A ¸ê®Æ«õ±¸ (DataMining)¡A¦³¾ÇªÌĶ¬°¡u¸ê®Æ±ÄÄq¡v¡B¡u¸ê®Æ«õÄq¡v¡B¡u¸ê®Æµo±¸¡v¡B¡u¸ê®Æ±´°É¡v¡C

¨Óµo±¸¥X¸ê®Æ¤¤¼ç¦bªº¼Ò«¬»P¦³¥Îªº³W«h¡C

(1)¤ÀÃþ (Classification)¡G«ö·Ó¤ÀªR¹ï¶HªºÄݩʤÀªù§OÃþ¥[¥H©w¸q¡A«Ø¥ßÃþ²Õ (Class)¡C¨Ò¦p¡A±N«H

¥Î¥Ó½ÐªÌªº­·ÀIÄÝ©Ê¡A°Ï¤À¬°°ª«×­·ÀI¥Ó½ÐªÌ¡A¤¤«×­·ÀI¥Ó½ÐªÌ¤Î§C«×­·ÀI¥Ó½ÐªÌ¡C¨Ï¥Îªº§Þ¥©¦³¨Mµ¦¾ð (Decision tree)¡A°O¾ÐÅé±À½× (Memory-basedreasoning) µ¥¡C

(2)¦ô­p (Estimation)¡G®Ú¾Ú¬J¦³³sÄò©Ê¼Æ­È¤§¬ÛÃöÄݩʸê®Æ¡A¥HÀò­P¬Y¤@ÄÝ©Ê¥¼ª¾¤§­È¡C¨Ò¦p«ö

·Ó«H¥Î¥Ó½ÐªÌ¤§±Ð¨|µ{«×¡B¦æ¬°§O¨Ó±À¦ô¨ä«H¥Î¥d®ø¶O¶q¡C¨Ï¥Îªº§Þ¥©¥]¬A²Î­p¤èªk¤W¤§¬ÛÃö¤ÀªR¡B°jÂk¤ÀªR¥H¤ÎÃþ¯«¸gºô¸ô¡C

(3)¹w´ú (Prediction)¡G®Ú¾Ú¹ï¶HÄݩʤ§¹L¥hÆ[¹î­È¨Ó±À¦ô¸ÓÄÝ©Ê¥¼¨Ó¤§­È¡C¨Ò¦p¥ÑÅU«È¹L¥h¤§¨ê¥d®ø¶O¶q¹w´ú¨ä¥¼¨Ó¤§¨ê¥d®ø¶O¶q¡C¨Ï¥Îªº§Þ¥©¥]¬A°jÂk¤ÀªR¡B®É¶¡¼Æ¦C¤ÀªR¤ÎÃþ¯«¸gºô¸ô¤èªk¡C

(4)¦P½è¤À²Õ©ÎÃöÁp³W«h (Affinity grouping or Association rule)¡G¦P½è¤À²Õªº¥Øªº¬O§ä¥X¦U¶µ¸ê®Æ¶¡ªº¬ÛÃö©Ê¡C¨Ò¦p¶W¥«¤¤¬ÛÃö¤§¿d¬~¥Î«~ (¤ú¨ê¡B¤ú»I¡B¤ú½u)¡A©ñ¦b¦P¤@¶¡³f¬[¤W¡C¦b«È¤á¦æ¾P¨t²Î¤W¡A¦¹ºØ¥\¯à«Y¥Î¨Ó½T»{¥æ¤e¾P°â (Cross selling) ªº

¾÷·|¥H³]­p¥X§l¤Þ¤Hªº²£«~¸s²Õ¡C¨Ï¥Îªº§Þ¥©¥]¬AÁʪ«Äx¤ÀªR¡B³sµ²¤ÀªR¡C

(5)¸s¶°¤Æ (Clustering)¡G¬Û·í©ó¦æ¾P³N»y¤¤ªº°Ï¹j¤Æ (Segmentation)¡A¦ý¬O¡A°²©w¨Æ¥ý¥¼¹ï©ó°Ï¹j¥[¥H©w¸q¡A¦Ó¸ê®Æ¤¤¦ÛµM²£¥Í°Ï¹j¡C¸s¶°¤Æ³q±`¬O¶i¦æ¸ê®Æ«õ±¸«e¤§¹w¥ý³B²z¤u§@¡A¨äµ²ªG»Ý­n¦³¸gÅ窺±M®a§PŪ¡C¨Ï¥Îªº§Þ¥©¬°K ¥­§¡ªk¡C

(6) ´y­z¤Îµøı¤Æ (Description andVisualization)¡G´y­z¬O«ü¦³­þ¨Ç²{¶H¦s¦b¡A¥H»²§U¤À

ªRªÌÁA¸Ñ²{ªp¡F¦Ó¸ê®Æµøı¤Æ¬O¤@ºØ±j¦Ó¦³¤Oªº´y­z¦¡¸ê®Æ«õ±¸¡A¯à®e©öªº±q¤@­Ó½ÆÂøªº¸ê®Æ®w¤¤¸ÑÄÀ¥X¤@­Óª¬ºA¡B¤@­Ó´y­z¡CData Mining §Þ³N¥i¨ó§U¦b¥ø·~¦b¥«³õ¡B«È¤á¡B¨ÑÀ³°Ó¡BÄvª§¹ï¤â¥H¤Î¥¼¨Ó¹w´úµ¥¤j¶q¸ê®Æ¤¤¡A§ä´M¦pÁÍ¶Õ (Trend) ¡B¯S¼x (Pattern) ¤Î¬ÛÃö©Ê(Relationship) µ¥ÁôÂæb­I«á¨ã¯S®í§t·Nªº°T®§¡A¥H°õ¦æ¹w´ú¼Ò«¬¡B¥«³õ°Ï¹j¡BÃöÁp¤ÀªR¤Î°¾®t¦æ¬°µ¥§@·~¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦p¦ó¹B¥ÎData Mining ªº§Þ³N¡Aµ²¦X¸ê°T§Þ³N»P±M·~ª¾ÃѱN¸ê·½ÂàÅܦ¨¨ã¨Mµ¦»ù­Èªº°Ó·~´¼¼z¡AÀò¨ú³Ì¨Îªº«È¤á¡B¤F¸Ñ¥L­Ìªº»Ý­n¡B´£¨Ñ¥L­Ì³Ì­Ó¤H¤Æªº²£«~»PªA°È¡B¤Î¨¾¤î¬J¦³«È¤áªº¬y

¥¢¡A¬O¥ø·~´£¤É¨ä²£·~Ävª§¤O¤ÎÀò§Qªº¸Ñ¨M¤è®×¡C

3.¸ê®Æ¥«¶° (Data Mart)

¸ê®Æ¥«¶° (Data Mart) ¬O¸ê®Æ­ÜÀxªº¤@ºØ¹ê²{¡A»P¸ê®Æ­ÜÀxªº©w¸q¤j­P¬Û¦P¡A¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx©Ò²[»\ªº¬O¾ã­Ó¥ø·~ªº¸ê°T¡A³o¨Ç¸ê°T¬O¬°¤F¾ãÅ骺¸ê®Æ¤ÀªR¦Ó¾ã¦X¦Ü¦h­Ó¹B§@¨t²Îªº¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡C¥ø·~¯Å¸ê®Æ­ÜÀxªº«Ø¸m»PºÞ²z©¹©¹«D±`©ù¶Q¥B¯Ó®É¡A«Ø¥ßªº¤èªk³q±`¬O±q¤W¨ì¤U (Top down) ¥Ñ²ÎÄwªº¸ê°TªA°È³æ¦ì¥D¾É¡C¦Ó¸ê®Æ¥«¶°¬O¥ø·~¯Å¸ê®Æ­ÜÀxªº¤l¶°¡A¤@²Õ¸ê®Æ¥«¶°¥i¥H²Õ¦¨¤@­Ó¥ø·~¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¡A¤Ï¤§¡A¤@­Ó¥ø·~¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¥i¥H¥Ñ¤@²Õ¸ê®Æ¥«¶°©Òºc¦¨¡C¸ê®Æ¥«¶°³q±`¥u¦³¯S©w¥DÃDªº·JÁ`©Î¸Ô²Ó¸ê®Æ¡A¦p¾P°â¤ÀªR¡B»sµ{¤ÀªR¡BÅU«ÈÃö«YºÞ²z¡B°]°È¤ÀªRµ¥¡A¦Ó¥B¨Ï¥ÎªÌ·|Âê©w¬Y¤@­Ó¤u§@¸s²Õªº¤H­û¡C»P¥ø·~¯Å¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¤£¦Pªº¬O¡A¸ê®Æ¥«¶°³q±`¥u¬°¤F¯S©wªº¨Mµ¦¤ä´©À³¥Îµ{¦¡©Î¨Ï¥Î¸s²Õ¡A³q±`¬O¥Ñ¤U¨ì¤W (Bottom up) §Q¥Î³¡ªùªº¸ê·½¨Ó«Ø¸m¡C¸ê®Æ¥«¶°ªºÀuÂI¬°³¡ªù¥i¥H§¹¥þ´x±±¦b¸ê®Æ¥«¶°¤ºªº¸ê®Æ»P³B²zµ{§Ç¡B¦b­Ó§O³¡ªùªº¾÷¾¹¤¤Àx¦s»P³B²z¸ê®Æ¡A©Òªá¶Oªº¦¨¥»»·§C©ó¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¥H¤Î·í¸ê®Æ¥Ñ¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¶Ç»¼¨ì¸ê®Æ¥«¶°®É¡A¸ê®Æ¤w¹F³Ì¾A¤Æ¥B²Å¦X³¡ªùªº¯S®í»Ý¨D¡C±q¸ê®Æ­ÜÀx¨Óªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥H±N¥¦ªºÁä­È­««Ø¡B­«·s±Æ§Ç¡B¦X¨Ö¡B·J¾ã¡B½s¿è»PÂà´«µ¥¡C¨ü­­©ó¸ê®Æ¥«¶°¥u»P¬Y¤@³¡ªù¦³Ãö¡A¦]¦¹¸ê®Æ¥«¶°ªºÀô¹ÒÅã±o¬Û¹ï¤p¨Ç¡A³o¬O¸ê®Æ¥«¶°ªº¯ÊÂI¡C¸ê®Æ¥«¶°¤S¥i¤À¬°¤GºØ¡A §Y¿W¥ßªº¸ê®Æ¥«¶°(Independent Data Mart) ©M¬Û¨Ì¸ê®Æ¥«¶° (Dependent data mart)

¬ü°êMotorola¤½¥q¦b80¦~¥N´£¥X6 Sigmaªº·§©À¡A¨Ï±o²£«~«~½è¹F¨ì°ª«~½è¹Ò¬É¡C¦ÓGE¤½¥q§ó§â6 Sigma¬¡°Êµo´­¥ú¤j¡A¤£¦ý¶W¶V¤é¥»²£«~¤§«~½è¡A¤]¨ÏÀò§Q¹F¨ì«e©Ò¥¼¦³¤§³W¼Ò¡C¦Ó6 Sigma¨ì©³¬O¤°»ò¡H¥¦¨ì©³¦³¤°»ò¾y¤O¥i¥H§l¤Þ³o»ò¦h¤½¥q¥h±À°Ê¡H¥¦¯uªº¥i¥H¬°¤½¥q±a¨ÓÂ׫pªº§Q¼í¶Ü¡H¥H¤U§Ú­Ì±N§i¶D¤j®a¡C

«~½èºÞ²zªººt¶i

¡@¡@±q«~ºÞªººt¶i»¡°_¡G±q¦è¤¸1924¦~Shewhart´£¥X²Ä¤@±i¡uºÞ¨î¹Ï¡v¡]Control Chart¡^¥H¨Ó¡A¦b²Î­pªº«~ºÞ¹ê°È¤W¡A§êºtµÛ­«­n¤§¨¤¦â¡C¦Ó«áÀ¹©ú¦b1950¦~¨µ°j¤é¥»Á¿±Â²Î­p«~½èºÞ¨î¡A±a°Ê¤é¥»ªº«~½è­²©R¡A¨Ï±o«~½èÆ[©À¦¨¬°¥ø·~©Î²Õ´­«­nªº¦]¯À¡CÀH«á¬ü°ê±M®aFeigenbaum ´£¥XTQC¡]Total Quality Control¡^¥þ­±«~½èºÞ¨îªº¥D±i¡A¦¹·§©À»Ý­n±q°ò¼h­û¤u¨ì°ª¶¥¥DºÞ§â¨Æ±¡°µ¦n¤~¯à¹F¨ìµL¯ÊÂI¡C¦Ó¤é¥»«~ºÞ±M®a¥Û¤tÄɱN¦¹ºÙ¬°CWQC¡]Company-Wide Quality Control¡^¡A¦¹®É¤é¥»²£«~²`¨üÅwªï¡A¬ü°ê²£«~«h¨ü¨ìªÅ«e¤§®À±Ñ¡C¬ü°ê¤@¨Ç¤j¤½¥q·P¨ü¨ì¥ø·~¤§¥Í¦s¥²¶·¨Ì¿à²Å¦XÅU«È­n¨D¤§°ª«~½è²£«~¡A¤~¯à¬°¤½¥q±a¨Ó§Q¼í¡C¨ì¤F1987¦~¡AISO¡]°ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç¤Æ²Õ´¡^¤½§G¤FISO9000¨t¦C¼Ð·Ç¡A¦¨¬°°ê»Ú¤½»{ªº«~½è¨î«×¡A¤@¨Ç¤j«¬¤½¥q¥H³q¹LISO9000¬°«~½è¤§¼Ð¬ñ¡CTQM¡]Total Quality Management¡^¥þ­±«~½èºÞ²z¦b¤E¤Q¦~¥N±È°_¤@ªi«~½èºÞ²zªº¼ö¼é¡A¨ä¤èªk¬O«ùÄò¤£Â_ªº§ïµ½¡A¥þ­û¿n·¥°Ñ»P¡A¥H²Å¦XÅU«È¤§»Ý¨D¡A¹F¨ì¡u¹s¯ÊÂI¡v¡C¦ý¬O¦b±À¦æ¦h¦~¤§«á¡A¤j®a«o¤£¦A¼ö°JTQM¤F¡APeterS.Pande´£¥X¡A¡u¥þ­±«~½èºÞ²z¡v·§©À³Ì­P©Rªº¬O¯Ê¥F©ú½T¥Ø¼Ð¨Ó±À¦æ¡A¥L­Ì¤£ª¾¹D«ç¼Ë¤~¯à¹F¨ì°ª«~½è¥Ø¼Ð¡C©Ò¥H«Ü¦h®É­Ô¥ø·~©Î²Õ´©w¦ì¿ù»~¡A¾É­P¸ê·½»P¤H¤O¤§®ö¶O¡C

¡@¡@80¦~¥N¡A¬ü°êMotorola¤½¥q­±¹ï¤é¥»²£«~«~½èªºÀu¶VÄvª§¤O¡A¨ä¥D®uBob Galvin­n¨D¤½¥qªºÁZ®Ä­n¦b¤­¦~¤º¦³¤Q­¿¤§§ïµ½¡A©ó¬O¦b1987¦~¶}©l±À¦æ6 Sigmaªº·§©À¡A¤£¶È¤j´T§ïµ½²£«~¤§«~½è¡A¤]­°§C¤F¥Í²£ªº¦¨¥»¡Aºc¦¨°í±jªºÄvª§¤O¡A¦]¦ÓÀò±o¬ü°ê°ê®a«~½è¼ú¤§ºaÅA¡A¦¨¬°¬ü°ê¥ø·~¾Ç²ß¤§¹ï¶H¡C1995¦~©_²§¤½¥q¡]GE¡^Á`µôJack Welchª½±µ¥H6 Sigma§@¬°¥ø·~«ü¾É¤§µ¦²¤¡A§Æ±æ¯à°÷¦b¤G¤Q¤@¥@¬ö¦¨¬°6 Sigmaªº¥ø·~¡A¥L¿Ë¦Û·þ¾É¡A§Æ±æ©Ò¦³­û¤u³£¯à¨ü¹L 6 Sigmaªº°V½m¡A¥Ñ6 SigmaºÞ²zªº²z©À¡A¤ÀªR¥D­n§ë¤JÃöÁä¦]¯À¬°¦ó¡A¦p¦ó§ïµ½¹Lµ{²£¥X§Þ³N¡A¶i¦Ó°l¤W¤é¥»¤§«~½è¡A¤]¨Ï±oGE¤½¥q¹F¨ì«e©Ò¥¼¦³¤§Àò§Q¯à¤O¡C¶i¦Ó¨Ï±o¨ä¥L¦h®aª¾¦W¤½¥q¬ÛÄ~±À°Ê6 Sigma¬¡°Ê¡A³y¦¨¥Ø«e¤@ªi6 Sigmaªº«~½è¼ö¼é¡]¹Ï¤@¡^¡A¦Ó6 Sigma¨ì©³¦³¤°»ò¾y¤O¥i¥H§l¤Þ³o»ò¦h¤½¥q¥h±À°Ê¡H

¡uSigma¡v¬O¤@­Ó¥j§Æþ¦r¡A¦b²Î­p¤¤¬O¥Î¨Ó¿Å¶qÅܲ§«×¡AºÙ¤§¬°¡u¼Ð·Ç®t¡v¡A¤]´N¬O¤@­Ó¸sÅ餤¤§Â÷´²µ{«×¡A·í¼Ð·Ç®t§C¡Aªí¥Ü¦¹¸sÅéÂ÷´²µ{«×¤À´²¡A·í¼Ð·Ç®t¶V°ª¡A«hªí¥Ü¦¹¸sÅé¶V¬O¶°¤¤¦b¤@°_¡C¦¹¤@ÅܼơA´£¨Ñ¤F¤@­Ó¿ë§O¦b¨C¦Ê¸U¦¸¼Æ¾÷·|¤¤ªº¥¢±Ñ²v¡]DPMO¡^¤èªk¡C¦b¤@¯ë²£·~¤¤ÅU«Èªº»Ý¨D±N·|¨M©w¥Ø¼Ð¡A¥H¤Î¹F¦¨ÃöÁä¹Lµ{©Ò»Ýªº§ï¶i¡A¦Ó¨Ï¹Lµ{¤§¹B§@«~½è¹F¨ì¸û°ªªº¼Ð·Ç®t¡C80¦~¥N¡A¤@¯ë²£«~«~½è­n¨D¤w´£¤É¦Ü3 Sigma¡C³o´N¬O»¡²£«~ªº¦X®æ²v¤w¹F¦Ü99.73%ªº¤ô·Ç¡A¥u¦³0.27%¬°¤£¦X®æ«~¡C©ÎªÌ¥i¸ÑÄÀ¬°¨C¤@¤d­Ó²£«~¥u¦³2.7¥ó¬°¤£¦X®æ«~¡C«Ü¦h¤H¥H¬°²£«~¹F¦Ü¦¹¤ô¥­¤w«D±`§¹¬ü¤F¡C

¥i¬O¡A®Ú¾ÚEvans©MLindsay´£¥X¡A¦pªG²£«~¹F¨ì99.73%¨}²vªº¸Ü¡A¥H¤U¨Æ¥ó«K·|Ä~Äò¦b¬ü°êµo¥Í¡G

¨C¦~¦³20,000¦¸°t¿ùÃĨƥó¡C
¨C¦~¦³¶W¹L15,000À¦¨à¥X¥Í®É·|³Q±¼¸¨¦a¤W¡C
¨C¦~¥­§¡¦³9¤p®É¨S¦³¤ô¡B¹q¨ÑÀ³¡C
¨C¤p®É¦³2000«Ê«H¶l±H¿ù»~¡C

¡@¡@ÁöµM¦X®æ²v¤w¹F¨ì99.73%ªº¤ô¥­¡A¦ý¬Û«H¤j®a¹ï¥H¤W«~½è­n¨D¨Ã¤£º¡·N¡C©Ò¥H¦³«Ü¦h¤½¥q¤w­n¨D¡u6 Sigma¡vªº«~½èºÞ²z¡A¨ä¦X®æ²v¬°99.99966%¡A¨C¤@¦Ê¸UºØ²£«~¤¤¥u¦³3.4¥ó¬O¤£¨}«~¡]«D±`±µªñ¹s¯ÊÂI­n¨D¡^¡C¬Û¤ñ¤§¤U¡A3 Sigma®e³\¦b¤@¦Ê¸U¥ó²£«~¤¤¦³2700¥ó¤£¨}«~¡C¦b6 Sigmaªº¤ô·Ç¤U¡A«h·|µo¥Í¡G

25¦~µo¥Í¤@¦¸¿ù»~ªºÃÄ«~³B¤è¡C
100
¦~µo¥Í3¦¸·s¥Í¨à³QÂå¥Í©ÎÅ@¤h±¼¸¨¡C
16
¦~µo¥Í¤@¬íªº¶¼¥Î¤ô¤£¦w¥þ¡C
100
¦~¤º¹q¸Ü©Î¹qµøÂ_°T¤Ö©ó6¬í¡C
¨C¦~ªº«H¥ó¤¤¿ò¥¢35¥ó¡C

¡@¡@¦]¦¹¨ä6 Sigma¤§²Î­p·N¸q¬°¡A¨C¦Ê¸U­Ó²£«~¤¤³Ì¦h¥u¦³3.4­Ó²£«~¤£¨}¡]ppm¡^¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¨C¦Ê¸U¦¸ªº¾Þ§@¡]§@·~¡^¤¤¡A³Ì¦h¥u¦³3.4¦¸¾Þ§@¡]§@·~¡^¿ù»~¡C

¡@¡@¦ý¦Û±q¬ü°êMotorola¤½¥q´£¥X6 SigmaÆ[©À¡A¥L­Ì»{¬°¥u¦³³W®æ¤½®t²[»\6 sigma¡A¤~¬O¥i¾aªº¹s¥ó«~½è¡A¦Ó¥B¦b°ª¼hªº±j¯P»â¾É¹B§@¡A¥[¤W±K¶°ªº±Ð¨|°V½m¡A¿ï¾Ü±M®×¨Ó¶i¦æ§ïµ½¡A¦ÓMotorolaÁ`¦@ªá¤F¾ã¾ã¤Q¦~¡A¹F¨ì5.5£mªº¹Ò¬É¡A¨Ã¬Ù¤U22»õ¬ü¤¸¡CGE¤½¥qªºJack WelchÁ`µô«h§â6 Sigmaµo´­¥ú¤j¡C¥Ñ©óGE¤½¥q­±¹ïªºÅU«È¹ï©ó«~½èªº­n¨D¤£Â_ªº´£°ª¡A¦Ó¥B¬°¤F­n©Ô¤j»PÄvª§ªÌ¤§¶¡¤§«~½è¶ZÂ÷¡B¥[±jÄvª§Àu¶Õ¡B´£°ª¥Í²£¤O¡B­°§C¸ê¥»§ë¸ê»PÅܰʦ¨¥»¡AJack Welch±µ¨ü¤F6 Sigma¹F¨ì°ª«~½è­pµe¡CGE¦b°l¨D6 SigmaªººÞ²z¤ô·Ç®É¡A­º¥ý¬O­n¥ÑÅU«È©w¸q«~½è¡A±q´Á«Ýªº«~½è¤ô·Ç¡B»ù®æ¡B¥æ´Áµ¥¶µ¥Ø¡A³£·|¼vÅTÅU«È¹ïGE»{ª¾¡A¦]¦¹°ß¦³¥HÅU«È¬°¤¤¤ßªº«~½èºÞ²z¤~¯àºûôÅU«Èªº¤ß¡C¦]¦¹6 Sigma­l¥Í¥XºÞ²z¤§·N¸q¡A¨äºÞ²z·N¸q¬°6 Sigma¬O¤@ºØ°l¨D°ª«~½è¡A¥H¼Æ¾Ú¾É¦V¤§°µªk¡A¥Î¨Ó¤ÀªR»P¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD¤§®Ú·½¡A´î¤ÖÅܲ§¡A¥H6 Sigma¬°¼Ð¬ñ¡A³W¹º©M¸¨¹ê«ùÄò§ïµ½©ó¥ø·~ªºÃöÁä»â°ì»P¬yµ{¡A¥H¹F¦¨§ó¨ÎªºÅU«Èº¡·N«×¡B§ó±jªºÄvª§¤O¡A¤Î§ó°ªªºÀò§Qªº¸gÀ給²¤¡C

±À°Ê6 SigmaªºÃöÁä¦]¯À

¡@¡@1. °ª¼hºÞ²zªÌªº©Ó¿Õ¡G6 Sigma¤§±À°Ê¡A­º¥ý»Ý­nªº¬O°ª¼hºÞ²zªÌªº©Ó¿Õ»P°Ñ»P¡A¥Ñ©ó¦¹¬¡°Ê¤§±À¦æ¡A¥²¶·§ë¤J¬Û·í¤§¸ê·½»P¤H¤O¡A¦Ó¾ã­Ó¥ø·~¤§¥Ø¼Ð¥²¶·©ú½T¤@­P¡A¤~¯à¯u¥¿³e¹ý¨ì¨C¤@­Ó±M®×¤¤¡A´N¦pJack Welch¦b¤½¥q¤º³¡±À¦æ®É¡A§â6 Sigma·í§@¬O¤@­Ó¾¦ì¤É¾Eªº¥²­n±ø¥ó¡A¦b°ª¶¥¥DºÞªº±j¤O°õ¦æ»P¤ä´©¤U¡A6 Sigma¦¨¬°GE¤½¥qªº¦@¦P»y¨¥¡C¦Ó¦b¤½¥q¦³¤F¥Ø¼Ð©ú½Tªº¸gÀç²z©À¡B¨Ï©R¡A¥[¤WºÞ²zªÌ±j¯P¥ø¹Ï¤ß»P¦@ÃÑ¡A³o±N¬O¥ø·~©Î²Õ´¤¤±À¦æ6 Sigma³Ì­«­n¤§ÃöÁä¡C

¡@¡@2. ¥HÅU«È¬°¾É¦V¡G¤½¥qªº²£«~¡A³Ì²×¤]¬O­n¨ìÅU«Èªº¤â¤¤¡A¦]¦¹6 Sigma©Ò­n°l¨Dªº¤è¦V¡A¬O­n´£¨ÑÅU«Èªºº¡·N«×»P©¾¸Û«×¡A¦]¦¹¦b±À¦æ6 Sigma¤§ªì´Á¡A¥²¶·­n¦³§¹¾ã»`¶°ÅU«È¤§Án­µ¡A¨Ã¥[¥H¤ÀªR»P§PÂ_¡AÂà´«¦¨¥ø·~¤º³¡ªºÃöÁä«~½è­n¶µ¡]CTQ¡^¡A¦Ó¥ø·~¤§¸gÀç¥Ø¼Ð¥²¶·»PÅU«È»Ý¨D³sµ²¡A¤~¯à¯u¥¿º¡¨¬ÅU«È¤§»Ý¨D¡C

¡@¡@3. ¥H¬yµ{¬°¾É¦V¡G±À¦æ6 Sigma¤§¬¡°Ê¡A¬O¦³§ïµ½²{ªp¡B¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD»P´£¤ÉÁZ®Ä¤§®ÄªG¡A¦ý¬O°õ¦æ®É¥²¶·¥H¬yµ{¬°¾É¦V¡A¦b¥ô¦ó¤§¬¡°Ê¬Ò¨Ì¨ä¬yµ{°õ¦æ¡A¬G±N¬yµ{µø¬°§ïµ½¬¡°Ê¤§¥D¶b¡A±q¬yµ{¤¤§P§O¥XªýêÁZ®Ä¤§²~ÀV¡A¶i¦Ó¥[¥H§ï³y¬yµ{¡A¹F¨ì¬yµ{³Ì¨Î¤Æ¡C

¡@¡@4. §¹¾ãªº±Ð¨|°V½m¤Î²Õ´¡G¥ô¦ó6 Sigma­pµe³£¥]¬A¤F¹Lµ{¯S©Ê¡B§ï¶i¤èªk¡B²Î­p¤u¨ãµ¥¨ä¥L¤§¼sªxªºª¾ÃÑ¡A¥u­n³o¨Çª¾ÃѦb¾ã­Ó²Õ´©Î¥ø·~§Î¦¨§¹¾ãªºª¾ÃÑÃì¡A§Y¥i¹B¥Î¨ì²Õ´©Î¥ø·~ªº¨C¤@­Ó¨¤¸¨¡C¨ä¶¥¼h¥i¤À¦¨¥|¼h¡]¹Ï¤T¡^¡G

¡@¡@¡]1¡^ ·ù¥D¡]Champion¡^¡G¥D­n¬O¥DºÞ¤Î¸g²z¤H¡A¥D­n¥ô°È«Ø¥ß¥ø·~©Î²Õ´¹ï°õ¦æ6 SigmaÄ@´ºªº¦@ÃÑ¡B­q©w±M®×¿ï¾Ü¼Ð·Ç¡B¤À¬£©Ò»Ý¸ê·½¥H½T«O§¹¦¨±M®×¡Kµ¥µ¥°ª¶¥¤§©Ó¿Õ¡C

¡@¡@¡]2¡^ ¶Â±a¤j®v¡]Master Black Belt¡^¡G¥L­Ì¬O¥þ¾ªº«ü¾É­û¡A¦³¤@¨­ªº²Î­p§Þ³N©M±Ð¾Ç¡B»â¾É¯à¤O»P«~½èª¾ÃÑ¡A³o¨Ç¶Â±a¤j®v­nÀˬd©M·þ¾É¶Â±a¤H­û¡A¥H½T«O±M®×¤§§¹¦¨¡C

¡@¡@¡]3¡^ ¶Â±a¤H­û¡G¥L­Ì¬O±M¾ªº«~½è§ïµ½¤H­û¡A­t³d»â¾É¹Î¶¤¨Ã±N¨ä­«ÂI©ñ¦bÃöÁä¬yµ{¤W¡A±a»â¤p²Õ¹B¥Î6 Sigma¤âªk¿ï¾Ü¡B±Ð¾É¡B¨Ã¨Ï¥Î³Ì¦³®Äªº¤u¨ã§¹¦¨¡Cºñ±a¤H­û¡G±µ¨ü¨Ã§¹¦¨©Ò«ü¬£¤§¤u§@¡A¥H»²§U¶Â±a¤H­û§¹¦¨±M®×¤§¶i¦æ¡A¨Ã¥²¶··|¨Ï¥Î¤@¯ë«~ºÞ§ïµ½¤u¨ã¡C

¡@¡@5. ©ú½Tªº°õ¦æ¨BÆJ¡G6 Sigma¤§±À°Ê¡Aª`­«±M®×°õ¦æ¤§ÁZ®Ä¡A¦Ó±M®×¤§¹B§@¡A¬O´`µÛDMAIC¼Ò«¬ªº¨BÆJ¶i¦æ¡C©Ò¿×DMAIC´N¬ODefine©w¸q¡BMeasure¿Å¶q¡BAnalyze¤ÀªR¡BImprove§ïµ½¡BControl±±¨î¡A¨ä·N¸q¦p¤U¡]¹Ï¥|¡^¡G

¡@¡@¡]1¡^ ©w¸q¡]Define¡^¡G¥Øªº¬O¦b©w¸q¤°»ò¬O¤@­Ó¦¨¥\±M®×©Ò»Ý­nªº¡A¦pŲ§OÃöÁäÅU«È¡BŲ§OÅU«È»Ý¨D¡B±M®×¤§¥Ø¼Ð¤Î½d³òµ¥¡A¥H¾É¥¿¹Î¶¤¹ï©ó­n³B²zªº°ÝÃD¥¿½T©Ê¡C

¡@¡@¡]2¡^ ¿Å¶q¡]Measure¡^¡G¥Øªº¦b«Ø¥ß¦¬¶°·í«e¹Lµ{¤¤¦³Ãö¼Æ¾Ú»P§Þ³N¡A¥Hº¡¨¬ÃöÁä«~½è¯S©Ê¡C¿Å¶qªº¨t²Î¥²¶·½T«O¸ê®Æ¤§·Ç½T©Ê»P¤@­P©Ê¡C

¡@¡@¡]3¡^ ¤ÀªR¡]Analyze¡^¡G¥Øªº¦b¨Ï±M®×¤p²Õ¹B¥Î¿Å¶q¥X¨Óªº¸ê®Æ¯à§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¬ã¨s¡B¤ÀªR§ä¥X¯u¥¿ªº®Ú¥»­ì¦]¡A¥H§ä¥X§ïµ½°ÝÃD¤§¾÷·|¡C

¡@¡@¡]4¡^ §ïµ½¡]Improve¡^¡G¥Øªº¦b¨Ï±M®×¤p²Õ´£¥X³Ì¨Îªº§ïµ½±M®×¡A¨Ã¹ï·s¹Lµ{¶i¦æ¥t¤@­Ó¹Lµ{¯à¤O¤ÀªR¥H¤ÎÅçÃÒ¨ä¯à¤O»P¶i¤@¨B§ïµ½¡C

¡@¡@¡]5¡^ ±±¨î¡]Control¡^¡G¥Øªº¬O¨Ï¹Lµ{²£«~§ïµ½¨ì¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¡A¨ÃºÊ´ú¨ä¥Ø«eªºÁZ®Ä¡A¦®¦b«O«ù§ïµ½¶¥¬q¤¤©Ò¨ú±oªº®Ä¯q¡C

¡@¡@6. ¹q¸£»²§U¤u¨ã¹B¥Î¡G6 Sigma¹B¥Î¨ì¤j¶qªº²Î­p¤âªk¡A¦A¥[¤W¥Ø«e¹q¸£¤§»²§U³nÅéµo¹F¡A¹q¸£³t«×¨¬¥HÀ³¥I²Î­p¤§¹Bºâ¡A¨Ï±o¹B¥Î²Î­pªº¤âªk§ó¥[ÆF¬¡¡A³y´N¤F6 Sigma¤§§Þ³NªùÂe§C³\¦h¡A¥i¥HÅý§ó¦h·Q­n¿n·¥¥[¥H§ïµ½¤§¤½¥q§ó¬OÅDÅD±ý¸Õ¡C

®i±æ

¡@¡@6 Sigma¬¡°Ê¤§±À°Ê¡A¥²¶·®Ú¾Ú¥»¨­ªº¥ø·~¤å¤Æ°µ¾A«×ªºÅÜ­²¡A±ý«Øºc6 SigmaºÞ²z¨t²Î¡A»â¾ÉªÌ¥²¶·­nµo´§»â¾Éªº¥\¯à¡A¹ï©ó¸gÀçµo®iµ¦²¤¡B¥ø·~®Ö¤ß¬yµ{¥[¥H©Ó¿Õ¡A¤Ä°Ç¥X¥ø·~¦@¦PªºÄ@´º¡A¥Hµ¦²¤ºÞ²z®i¶}¤è¦¡¤À¶¥¬q¹ê¬I¡A¨Ã¤F¸Ñ®Ö¤ßÅU«È¯u¥¿ªº»Ý¨D¡A³Ì«á³z¹L¥þ­û°Ñ»P¤Î§ïµ½¤è¦¡ªº®i¶}¡A¨Ï­û¤u¼ô±x6 Sigma«~ºÞ¤èªk¦b¤u§@¤W¹B¥Î¡A±À°Ê§ïµ½±M®×¡A«Ø¥ß¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¡A¥H´£¤É¥ø·~Ävª§Àu¶Õ¡C

²£«~«~½è¯S©Êªº°O¿ý¤@¯ë¤À¦¨­p¼Æ­È©Î­p¶q­È¡A­p¼Æ­È¤S¥H­p¥ó©Î­pÂI¬°°O¿ý¡A­p¶q­È¥H¹ê»Ú´ú¶q¤§¯S©Ê­È¬°°O¿ý¡C¦Û±q¤u·~¬É¾É¤JMIL-STD-105Dªí¬°©â¼ËÀËÅ窺¼Ð·Ç«á¡A«~½è«ü¼Ð¤@ª½©µ¥ÎMIL-STD-105Dªí¤§AQL¡A¥Ø«e¨Ï¥Îª©¥»¬°MIL-STD-105E¡A¦h¦~¨Ó¤@ª½³q¦æ©ó¤u·~¬É¡CAQL¦b10¥H¤U®É¡A¥iªí­p¥óªº¤£¨}²v©Î­pÂIªº¯ÊÂI¼Æ¡AAQL¦b10¥H¤W®É¡A«hªí­pÂIªº¯ÊÂI¼Æ©Î¨C¦Ê¥ó¯ÊÂI¡C­p¶q­È«h¥H»sµ{¯à¤O«ü¼ÆCp¡Bk¡]Ca¡^¡BCpk¬°¥Nªí¡C³o¨Ç«~½è«ü¼Ðªº¤j¤p¡A²z½×¤W¬O¥i¥H¸ÑÄÀ¨ä«~½è·N¸q¡AÄ´¦pAQL¡×0.3¢H¡]¥H­p¥ó¤£¨}²vªí¥Ü¡^¨ä·N¸q¬°·íÀËÅç§åªº«~½è¤ô·Ç¤£¨}²vp¹F¨ì0.3¢H®É¡A¸Ó§å¥HMIL-STD-105EªíÅ禬®É¡A³Q¤¹¦¬ªº¾÷²v«Ü°ª¬ù95¢H¥H¤W¡A¦ýÀËÅç§åªº¹ê»Ú¤£¨}²vp¤Ó¤j®É¡F¦p1¢H¡B2¢H¡A«hÀËÅç§å³Q¤¹¦¬ªº¾÷²v«Ü¤p¡C¦]¦¹¡AAQL±`³Q¥Î¨Ó·í¦¨»sµ{ªº«~½è«ü¼Ð¡A¥H«OÃÒ¥æ³f¡]¥æ©ö¡^®Éªº¤¹¦¬²v¡C»sµ{¯à¤O«ü¼Æ¤]³Q®³¨Ó¿Å¶q²£«~¸Õ§@¤Î¶q²£®É«~½è½]®Öªº«ü¼Ð¡C¦³¨Ç«È¤á­n¨D¨ÑÀ³°Ó¦b¸Õ§@¶¥¬q¤Î¶q²£¶¥¬q´£³ø²£«~©Î»sµ{ªººÞ¨î¯S©Ê¡A¨äCp©ÎCpk­È¦b¦h¤Ö¥H¤W¡A¤~¯à«OÃÒ¤£¨}²v p ¦b¦h¤Ö¥H¤U¡C

¥»¨Ò¬°¤£¦Pªº­pºâ°ò¦¡A¹ï«~½è«ü¼Ðªº¿Å¶q¬O¦³©Ò¤£¦Pªº¡C

²£«~§O

ÀËÂI¼Æ/¥ó

¥Í²£

¥ó¼Æ

¤£¨}

¥ó¼Æ

¦X­p

¯ÊÂI¼Æ

¤£¨}²v

dpu

dppm

A

100ÂI/¥ó

100¥ó

5¥x

10ÂI

5%

0.1dpu

1000

B

10ÂI/¥ó

1000¥ó

10¥x

20ÂI

1%

2dpu

2000

C

5ÂI/¥ó

2000¥ó

15¥x

30ÂI

0.75%

0.015dpu

1500

¡@

°²¦p¥H¥ó¬°­pºâ°ò¦

 = (5+10+15)/(100+1,000+2,000)

=30/3,100

=0.0097

=0.97%

=9700ppm (§Yªí¥Ü¨C100¸U¥ó¥­§¡¦³9700¥x¬O¤£¨})

  =(10+20+30)/(100+1,000+2,000)

=60/3,100

=0.019 dpu

(§Yªí¥Ü¨C¥ó¥­§¡¦³0.019­Ó¯ÊÂI)

l       °²¦p¥HÀËÂI¬°­pºâ°ò¦

 =(10+20+30)/( 100¡Ñ100+10¡Ñ1,000+5¡Ñ2,000)

=60/30,000

=2,000 dppm

(§Yªí¥Ü¨C100¸U­ÓÀËÂI¥­§¡¦³2000­Ó¯ÊÂI)

¥H¤Wªº¸ÑÄÀ¥H100¸U¥ó¬°³æ¦ì¤Î100¸U­ÓÀËÂI¬°³æ¦ì¡A·íµM­n¨â­Ó ppm ªº«~½è«ü¼Ð¤¬¬Û¤ñ¸û´N¦³©Ò¥X¤J¡C

2. ¦UºØ«~½è«ü¼Ðªº©w¸q¤Î­pºâ¨Ò

ªñ¦~¨Ó¡A¸ê°T¹q¤l·~¨ü¨ì©Ò¿×¡§Six Sigma¡¨ªº°ê»Ú«~½è¼Ð¬ñ¡]Benchmarking¡^ªº¼vÅT¡A¤j®a¯É¯É±Ä¥Î¡§ppm ¡¨©Î¡§´X­ÓSigma¡¨¬°«~½è¤ô·Çªº­p¶q³æ¦ì¡A¦ý¬O¹ï³o¤@¨Ç·sªº¦Wµü¤Î³N»yªº©w¸q¤Î­pºâ¤èªk¤£¦P¦æ·~¦³¤£¦Pªº»¡ªk¡A³y¦¨·~¬ÉÀH«È¤áªº­n¨D¦ÓµL©Ò¾A±q¡C¥H¤U¤¶²Ð¥Ø«e¬y¦æ©ó·~¬Éªº¤@¨Ç«~½è«ü¼Ð¦Wµü¤Î³N»y¡C

l   ­p¼Æ­È­p¥óªº«~½è«ü¼Ð

»sµ{¨}²v¡]Yield¡^¡G¤@¯ë¥H¤@»sµ{¤§§ë¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ»P¸Ó»sµ{¿é¥X¨}«~ªº¥ó¼Æ¤§¤ñ²v¡C¦p¡]¹Ï2-1¡^»¡©ú¡C

¡i¹Ï2-1¡j¤£¥i­×²zªº»sµ{

 À£¼Ò»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=991/1000=99.1%

¶î¸Ë»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=980/991=98.9%

¦L¨ê»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=950/980=96.9%

¼Q¶î»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=920/950=96.8%

¨R«¬»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=910/920=98.9%

²×ÀË»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=900/910=98.9%

¥þ»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=900/1000=90.0%

¥H¤W¾A¥Î©ó¹q¤l¹s¥ó¡B¥b¾ÉÅéµ¥»sµ{¡A¨ä¤£¨}«~µLªk­×²z¦Ó³ø¼oªÌ¡C¸Ë°t¼tªº»sµ{¡A¨ä¤£¨}«~¤j­P¤W³£¥i¥H­×²z¡A­×²z¦nªº²£«~¡A¦A¦^½u´ú¸Õ¡AÄ~Äò¸Ë°t¡A¦p¦¹­n©w¸q¨ä¨}²vÀ³¥H¦U»sµ{ªºªìÀ˳q¹L²v¡]First Time Yield¡FFTY¡^¸û¬°¦X²z¡C

 

ªìÀ˳q¹L²v¡]First Time Yield¡FFTY¡^:¤@»sµ{§ë¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ»P²Ä¤@¦¸ÀËÅç´N³q¹L¤§¥ó¼Æ¤§¤ñ²v¡C¦p(¹Ï2-2)»¡©ú¡C

¡i¹Ï2-2¡j¥i­×²zªº»sµ{

À£¼Ò»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=991/1000=99.1%

¶î¸Ë»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=989/1000=98.9%

¦L¨ê»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=970/1000=97.0%

¼Q¶î»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=970/1000=97.0%

¨R«¬»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=990/1000=99.0%

²×ÀË»sµ{¨}²v=¿é¥X¨}«~¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ=990/1000=99.0%

¥þ»sµ{¨}²v=À£¼Ò»sµ{¨}²v ¡Ñ¶î¸Ë»sµ{¨}²v ¡Ñ¦L¨ê»sµ{¨}²v ¡Ñ¼Q¶î»sµ{¨}²v ¡Ñ¨R«¬»sµ{¨}²v ¡Ñ²×ÀË»sµ{¨}²v

          =0.991¡Ñ0.989¡Ñ0.970¡Ñ0.970¡Ñ0.990¡Ñ0.990

          =90.4%

¦p¦¹¥iª¾¡A¥þ»sµ{FTY¸û(¹Ï2-1)²¤°ª¡A¦]¦¹¥Hª½³q²v¡]Rolled Yield ¡^©w¸q¸û·Ç½T¡F¨ä©w¸q¬°¿é¤J¥ó¼Æ¤ñ¤W¥þ»sµ{¤¤¨S¦³³Q­×²z¹Lªº¥ó¼Æ¡C

ª½³q²v=¥þ»sµ{¤¤¨S¦³³Q­×²zªº¥ó¼Æ/¿é¤J¥ó¼Æ

      =900/1000

      =90¢H

¥þ»sµ{¤§ª½³q²v¡]Rolled Throughout Yield¡^:©w¸q¬°¥þ»sµ{ªº§ë¤J²£«~¥ó¼Æ»P³q¹L¥þ»sµ{µL¯ÊÂI²£«~¥ó¼Æ¤§¤ñ²v¡A¤£¹L¦b»sµ{¤W­n·Ç½T­pºâ¤ñ¸û§xÃø¡A¤@¯ë¥H¦U»sµ{ªº¨}²v¬Û­¼¡C

l   ­p¼Æ­È­pÂIªº«~½è

¤@¯ë¸ê°T¹q¤l²£«~¥u­n¦³¤@­Ó¯ÊÂI´NÀ³µø¬°¤£¨}«~¡A¦ý¬O¤@­Ó¤£¨}«~¥i¯à¦³¤@­Ó¥H¤Wªº¯ÊÂI¡A¦]¦¹¥H¥­§¡¨C¥ó´X­Ó¯ÊÂI¸û¯à§¹¥þªí¥Ü«~½è¡A¥Hdpu ¡]Defects Per Unit¡^¬°³æ¦ì¡C¦p(¹Ï2-3)ªº¬yµ{¹Ï¡C

¡i¹Ï2-3¡j¥H¨C¥ó´X­Ó¯ÊÂIdpuªí¥Üªº»sµ{

À£¼Ò»sµ{dpu=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/ÀËÅç²£«~¥ó¼Æ=20/1000=0.02dpu ¶î¸Ë»sµ{dpu=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼ÆÀËÅç²£«~¥ó¼Æ=20/1000=0.02dpu ¦L¨ê»sµ{dpu=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/ÀËÅç²£«~¥ó¼Æ=50/1000=0.05dpu ¼Q¶î»sµ{dpu=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/ÀËÅç²£«~¥ó¼Æ=40/1000=0.04dpu ¨R«¬»sµ{dpu=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/ÀËÅç²£«~¥ó¼Æ=10/1000=0.01dpu ²×ÀË»sµ{dpu=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/ÀËÅç²£«~¥ó¼Æ=10/1000=0.01dpu ¥þ»sµ{dpu=¿é¥XÁ`¯ÊÂI¼Æ/ÀËÅç²£«~Á`¥ó¼Æ=(20+20+50+40+10+10)/6000=0.025dpu

¤@¯ë¤£¦P²£«~ªº¨C¥óÀËÂI¼Æ¤£¦P¡AÀËÂI¼Æ·U¦h¡Adpu´N¥i¯à·U¤j¡A¥Hdpuªº¤j¤p¨Ó¤ñ¸û²£«~«~½èªº¦nÃa¦ü¥G¤£¤Ó¦X²z¡A¦]¦¹¥ÎÁ`ÀËÂI¼Æ»PÁ`¯ÊÂI¼Æ¤§¤ñ¨Ó¤ñ¸û«~½è·|«ÈÆ[¤@ÂI¡F¥Hdppm¡]Defect Parts Per Million¡^¬°³æ¦ì¡A¦p(¹Ï2-4)ªº¬yµ{¹Ï¡C

¡i¹Ï2-4¡j ¥H¨C¦Ê¸UÀËÂI´X­Ó¯ÊÂIdppmªí¥Üªº»sµ{

 

À£¼Ò»sµ{dppm=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/¨C¦Ê¸UÀËÂI¼Æ=20/(1000¡Ñ10)¡Ñ*=2000dppm

¶î¸Ë»sµ{dppm=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/¨C¦Ê¸UÀËÂI¼Æ=20/(1000¡Ñ5)¡Ñ*=4000dppm

¦L¨ê»sµ{dppm=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/¨C¦Ê¸UÀËÂI¼Æ=50/(1000¡Ñ10)¡Ñ*=5000dppm

¼Q¶î»sµ{dppm=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/¨C¦Ê¸UÀËÂI¼Æ=40/(1000¡Ñ5)¡Ñ*=8000dppm

¨R«¬»sµ{dppm=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/¨C¦Ê¸UÀËÂI¼Æ=10/(1000¡Ñ2)¡Ñ*=5000dppm

²×ÀË»sµ{dppm=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/¨C¦Ê¸UÀËÂI¼Æ=10/(1000¡Ñ2) ¡Ñ*=5000dppm

¥þ»sµ{dppm=¿é¥X¯ÊÂI¼Æ/¨C¦Ê¸UÀËÂI¼Æ

=(20+20+50+40+10+10)/[(1000¡Ñ10)+(1000¡Ñ5)+(1000¡Ñ10)+ (1000¡Ñ5)+ (1000¡Ñ2)+ /(1000¡Ñ2)] ¡Ñ*

=4412dppm

dpu¬O¥Nªí¨C¥ó²£«~¥­§¡¦³´X­Ó¯ÊÂI¡A¦Ódppm¬O¨CÀˬd¤@¦Ê¸UªºÀËÂI¥­§¡¦³´X­Ó¯ÊÂI¡C¤@­ÓÀËÂI¥Nªí¤@²£«~©Î»sµ{¥i¯à·|¥X²{¯ÊÂIªº¾÷·|¡A¥¦¥i¯à¬O¤@­Ó¹s¥ó¡B¯S©Ê¡B§@·~µ¥µ¥¡A¦³¨Ç¦a¤è¥Hppm/part(µù2)¡Adpmo(Defects Per Million Opportunities)¬°«~½è«ü¼Ð¡A¨ä¹ê»Pdppm¬O¦P¼Ëªº·N¸q¡C®É¤U³\¦h¸ê°T¹q¤l¸Ë°t¼t¡A¨ä»sµ{¤W°O¿ý¬O¥Hdppm ¬°³æ¦ì¡A¤£¦PÀËÂI¼Æªº²£«~©Î»sµ{´N¥i¨Ì¤U¦¡´«ºâ¬°dpu¡C

dpu=²£«~©Î»sµ{ÀËÂI¼Æ ¡Ñdppm¡Ñ

¨}²v¬O³Ì®e©ö¤F¸Ñªº«~½è«ü¼Ð¡A§ë¤J»sµ{ªº²£«~¡A¸g»s³y¹Lµ{«á¡A´N¥i¥H¹ê»Ú¥æµ¹¤U¤uµ{©Î¥i¥Hª½±µ¥X³fªº¤ñ²v¡A¨}²v·U°ª¥Nªí®Ä²v·U°ª¡A³ø¼o·U¤Ö¡A­×²z·U¤Ö¡A¹ï«~½è¡B¦¨¥»¡B¥æ´Á³£¦³ª½±µªºÃö«Y¡A³o¬O¤H¤H¬Òª¾ªº¹D²z¡A¦]¦¹¡A¨}²vÀ³¬°³Ì²×ªº«~½è«ü¼Ð¡C°²­Y¥i¥H¨Æ¥ý¦ôºâ¥X²£«~©Î»sµ{ªºdpu¡A´N¥i¥H¹w¦ô²£«~¦b¸Ó»sµ{ªº¨}²v¡A¥H¤R¤ó¤À°tªº©Ê½è¥i­pºâ¨ä¨}²v¡C°²³]X¬°¬Y¥ó²£«~¸g¬Y»sµ{«á¤§Æ[´ú¯ÊÂI¼Æ¡A·íX¡×0®É¡A§Yªí¥Ü¸Ó¥ó²£«~¨S¦³¯ÊÂI¡A¦]¦¹¡AP[X=0]§Yªí¥Ü¸Ó²£«~µL¯ÊÂIªº¾÷²v¡F´N¬O¨}²v¡C¥H¤U¦¡ªí¥Ü

P[X=0]¡×

dpu»P»sµ{¨}²vªºÃö«Y¦p(ªí2-1)¡C

dpu

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.5

0.05

0.01

Yield%

0.67%

1.83%

4.98%

13.5%

36.8%

60.7%

95.1%

99.0%

¡iªí2-1¡jdpu»P»sµ{¨}²vªºÃö«Y

¥H¤W¤§«~½è«ü¼Ð¬Ò¥H­p¼Æ­È¤§­p¥ó©Î­pÂI¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¨ä»P¨}²v¤§Ãö«Y¡A¦Ó­p¶q­È¤§«~½è«ü¼ÐCp©ÎCpk¤]¥i¥H©w¸q¤@²£«~©Î»sµ{¯S©Êªº¨}²v¡A¦¹³B¥i¥H­p¼Æ­È¤§¤@ÀËÂI¬°¦P¼Ëªº·N¸q¡A¤@ÀËÂI¥i¥H¬°¤@²£«~©Î»sµ{¯S©Ê¡C

l       ­p¶q­Èªº«~½è«ü¼Ð

°²³]¤@ÃöÁä§@·~(Critical-To-Quality¡FCTQ) ªº¯S©Ê¬°X¡A¨ä¤À°t¬°±`ºA¤À°t¡A¬°¥­§¡¼Æ¡A¬°¼Ð·Ç®t¡C°²¦p§@·~¯S©Ê¸¨¦b³W®æ¬É½u¤º¡A«h¸Ó§@·~¬°¦X®æ¡F§_«h¤£¦X®æ¦Óµø¬°¯ÊÂI¡C¥H¼Æ¾Ç¤½¦¡¤Î(¹Ï2-5)ªí¥Ü¦p¤U¡G

¡G³W®æ¤¤¤ß¡FUSL=¡G³W®æ¤W­­¡FLSL=¡G³W®æ¤U­­

­Y LSL<X<USL¡A«h¸Ó§@·~¬°¦X®æ¡F­Y X<LSL ©Î X>USL¡A«h¸Ó§@·~¬°¦X®æ¡C

¡i¹Ï2-5¡j ³W®æ»P±`ºA¤À°t

°²³]¤@ÃöÁä§@·~ªº¯S©Ê¥­§¡¼Æ=¡A¼Ð·Ç®t=©Î=¡C¤]´N¬O»¡³W®æ¤½®t¬°¼Ð·Ç®tªº¤»­¿¡A¨Ì±`ºA¤À°tªº­pºâ«h¸Ó§@·~¤£¦X®æªº¾÷²v¬°0.000000002 (0.002ppm)¡A§Y¬°¤Q»õ¤À¤§¤G¡C(¹Ï2-6)¬°µu´ÁªºSix SigmaÁZ®Ä¤Î(ªí2-2)¬°µu´Áªº¤£¦PSigma¤ô·Ç»P¦U«~½è«ü¼ÐªºÃö«Y¡C

°²³]¤@§@·~ªº¯S©Êªº¥­§¡¼Æ¸gªø´Áªº¼vÅT¦Ó¦ì²¾=¡A¼Ð·Ç®t=©Î=¡C¤]´N¬O»¡³W®æ¤½®t¬°¼Ð·Ç®tªº¤»­¿¡A¨Ì±`ºA¤À°tªº­pºâ«h¸Ó§@·~¤£¦X®æªº¾÷²v¬°0.0000034 (3.4ppm)¡C(¹Ï2-7)¬°ªø´ÁªºSix SigmaÁZ®Ä¤Î(ªí2-3)¬°ªø´Áªº¤£¦PSigma¤ô·Ç»P¦U«~½è«ü¼ÐªºÃö«Y¡C

 

¡i¹Ï2-6¡jµu´ÁªºSix SigmaÁZ®Ä

 ¡× ¡×¡×¡×¡×¡×

¤£¨}²v¡×¡×¡×¼Ð·Ç±`ºA¤À°t¥k§À¾÷²v ¡Ñ2

¨}²v¡×

¡iªí2-2¡j µu´Áªº¤£¦PSigma¤ô·Ç»P¦U«~½è«ü¼ÐªºÃö«Y

Sigma

¤ô·Ç

Cp

 

Cpk

¨}²v

%

¤£¨}²v

ppm

1£m

0.33

68.27%

317,400

2£m

0.67

95.45%

 45,600

3£m

1.00

99.73%

  2,700

4£m

1.33

99.9937%

     63

5£m

1.67

99.999943%

      0.57

6£m

2.00

99.9999998%

      0.002

¡i¹Ï2-7¡j ªø´ÁªºSix SigmaÁZ®Ä

 

 

CPU¡×(USL¡Ð)/¡×()/¡×(k-1.5) /3

CPL¡×(¡ÐLSL)/¡×()/¡×(k+1.5) /3

¡× MIN{CPU¡ACPL}¡×(k-1.5)/3

¤£¨}²v¡×¡×

      ¡×

¨}²v¡×

 

¡iªí2-3¡j ªø´Áªº¤£¦P¤ô·Ç»P¦U«~½è«ü¼ÐªºÃö«Y

Sigma¤ô·Ç

Cp

Cpk

¨}²v%

¤£¨}²vppm

1£m

0.33

-0.17

30.23%

697,672

2£m

0.67

0.17

69.13%

308,770

3£m

1.00

0.50

93.32%

 66,811

4£m

1.33

0.83

99.379%

6,210

5£m

1.67

1.17

99.99767%

233

6£m

2.00

1.50

99.99966%

3.4

¡@

 

Six Sigmaªº²z½×´N¬O¥ø·~¤¤ªº¨C­Ó»sµ{¡B²£«~©ÎªA°Èªº¨C¤@ÃöÁä§@·~ªº¯S©Ê(CTQ)³£¯à¹F¨ìSix Sigmaªº¤ô·Ç¡A§Y¯à«OÃÒ²£«~©ÎªA°Èªº«~½è¹F¨ì«È¤áº¡·Nªº¤ô·Ç¡C¦ý¬O³o¬O¤@ªø´Áªº¸gÀç¥Ø¼Ð¡A¥²¶·¥Ñ¥ø·~³Ì°ª·í§½¥D¾Éªº§ïµ½¬¡°Ê¨Ó¹F¦¨¡CµM¦Ó¦p¦ó¿Å¶q²Õ´¤º³¡¨C¤@ÃöÁä§@·~¯S©Ê(CTQ) ªº¥Ø«eÁZ®Ä¤ô·Ç¡A¥H¤F¸Ñ¥Ø«e²Õ´ªºÄvª§¯à¤O»P°ê»Ú¼Ð¬ñSix Sigma®t¶Z¦³¦h»·¡A´£¥X¤@­Ó¦³¨t²Îªº§ïµ½¹Lµ{¡A³v¨B¦a¹F¦¨Six Sigmaªº¤ô·Ç¡CHarry¤ÎSchroeder¸g¤Q¦~ªº§V¤O§ïµ½¤ÎÄÄ©úSix Sigmaªº¬ð¯}µ¦²¤¡A°V½m±M·~ªº¤H­û¥H¦³¬ö«ßªºDMAICªº¨BÆJ¶i¦æ¥ÃÄòªº§ïµ½¬¡°Ê¡C

 3. «~½è«ü¼Ðªº¸ÑŪ

 ¥HSix Sigma°ê»Ú«~½è¼Ð¬ñ3.4 ppm¬O¸ê°T¹q¤lªº²×·¥¥Ø¼Ð¡A´X¥G¦³©w¥X«~½è¥Ø¼Ðªº¤½¥q³£¥HSix Sigma©Î3.4 ppm¬°³Ì²×°l¨Dªº«~½è¤ô·Ç¡C3.4 ppm¬O¥H¤@­ÓÀËÂI¦Ó¨¥¡A¤£¬O¨C¤@²£«~©Î»sµ{³£­n¹F¨ì³o­Ó¤ô·Ç¡A­n¬Ý²£«~©Î»sµ{ªºÀËÂI¼Æ¡C¥H(ªí3-1)¡B(ªí3-2)¨Ó»¡©úÀËÂI¼Æ¦b¤£¦P«~½è¤ô·Ç®É¨ä¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº¨}²v¡C

¡iªí3-2¡jÀËÂI¼Æ»P¨}²vªºÃö«Y(¤¤¤ß¤£°¾²¾¥Ø¼Ð­È)

ÀËÂI¼Æ

n

3£m

4£m

5£m

6£m

1

99.73%

99.9937%

99.999943%

99.9999998%

2

99.64

99.99

99.9999

99.99999

3

98.66

99.97

99.9997

99.99999

10

97.33

99.94

99.9994

99.99999

50

87.36

99.69

99.997

99.99999

100

76.31

99.73

99.994

99.99998

500

25.88

96.90

99.97

99.99990

1000

6.70

93.89

99.94

99.9998

¡iªí3-2¡jÀËÂI¼Æ»P¨}²vªºÃö«Y(¤¤¤ß°¾²¾¥Ø¼Ð­È1.5£m)

ÀËÂI¼Æ

n¡@

3£m

4£m

5£m

6£m

1

93.32%

99.797%

99.9767%

99.99966%

2

87.09

98.76

99.95

99.99932

3

70.77

96.93

99.88

99.9983

10

50.09

93.96

99.77

99.9966

50

3.15

73.24

98.84

99.98

100

0.10

53.64

97.70

99.966

500

0.00

4.44

89.02

99.83

1000

0.00

0.20

79.24

99.66

·í§Aªº²£«~©Î»sµ{ÀËÂI¬°10­Ó¡A¨}²v¬°93.96¢H®É¡A¥H(ªí3-2)¹ï·Ó«~½è¤ô·Ç¬ù¦b4£m¡A²£«~©Î»sµ{ÀËÂI¬°100­Ó¡A¨}²v¬°97.70¢H®É¡A«~½è¤ô·Ç¬ù¦b5£m¡C¤@¯ë¥i¨Ì¤U¦¡Âà±N¨}²vÂà´«¬°k Sigma¤ô·Ç¡A³]¨}²v¬°Yield¡AÀËÂI¼Æ¬°n¡A«h  

·í¤¤¤ß¤£°¾²¾®É¡Ak=

·í¤¤¤ß°¾²¾1.5£m®É¡Ak=¡Ï1.5

¬°¼Ð·Ç±`ºA¤À°t²Ö¿n¦Ê¤ÀÂI

¦]¦¹¡A²£«~©Î»sµ{ªº«~½è«ü¼Ð¤£ºÞ¬O¥HYield%¡Bppm¡Bdpu¡Bdppm©Î­p¶q­È¨Ó°O¿ý¡A§Ú­Ì¥u­nª¾¹D¨äÀËÂI¼Æn¡A±N³o¨Ç«~½è«ü¼Ð³£Âà´«¬°¨}²v§Y¥i¨Ì¤W¦¡Âà´«¬°´X­ÓSigma¡C

¡i¨Ò3-1¡j²£«~©Î»sµ{ªº«~½è¤ô·Ç¬°500ppm¡AÀËÂI¼Æ¬°30¡C«hYield=0.9995,==4.1

·í¤¤¤ß¤£°¾²¾®É¬°¡A4.1£m

·í¤¤¤ß°¾²¾1.5£m¬°¡A5.6£m

¡i¨Ò3-2¡j»sµ{ªº«~½è¤ô·Ç¬°0.005dpu¡AÀËÂI¼Æ¬°50¡A«hYield==0.995,= =3.7

·í¤¤¤ß¤£°¾²¾®É¡A¬°3.7£m

·í¤¤¤ß°¾²¾1.5£m¡A¬°5.2£m

¡i¨Ò3-3¡j »sµ{ªº«~½è¤ô·Ç¬°200dppm¡AÀËÂI¼Æ¬°10¡A«hdpu=100¡Ñ200¡Ñ¡×0.002,Yield¡×¡×0.98,= =3.5

·í¤¤¤ß¤£°¾²¾®É¡A¬°3.5£m

·í¤¤¤ß°¾²¾1.5£m®É¡A¬°5.0£m

¥H6£m¤£¨}²v3.4ppm¬°«~½è¼Ð±ì®É¡AÀ³¥H²£«~©Î»sµ{ªº¤@­ÓÀËÂI©Î¤@­Ó¯S©Ê¤§dppm©Îppm¬°­pºâ¼Ð·Ç¡A¨ÌÀËÂI¼Æªº¦h¹è©ÎÃø©ö©w¸q¦X²zªº«~½è«ü¼Ð¡C·í²£«~©Î»sµ{ªº«~½è¤ô·Ç¹F¨ì¬Y¤@dppm¤ô·Ç®É¡F¨Ò¦p500dppm¡A¦Ó¨äÀËÂI¼Æ¬°200­Ó¡A«h¹ê»Ú¥Í²£®É«~½èª¬ªp±N·|¦p¦ó¡H¥ý­pºâ¨ädpu¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¹w¦ô¨ä¯ÊÂIªº¤À°tª¬ªp¡C°²³]¥Í²£1000¥ó²£«~¡Adpu=0.1®É¡A«h²£«~¤¤¦³k­Ó¯ÊÂIªº¾÷²v¦p¤U¦¡

dpu¡×²£«~©Î»sµ{ÀËÂI¼Æ¡Ñdppm¡Ñ¡×200¡Ñ500¡Ñ¡×0.1

 

P(X=k)¡× ¡×,k=0,1,2,¡K.

 

¥H(ªí3-3)»¡©ú¨ä¯ÊÂI¤À°tª¬ªp¡C

¡iªí3-3¡j dpu=0.1®É1,000²£«~ªº¯ÊÂI¤À°t

¯ÊÂI¼Æ
k

¾÷²vP(X=k)

´Á±æ
¥ó¼Æ
¡@

Á`
¯ÊÂI¼Æ

k=0

0.905

905

0

k=1

0.090

90

90

k=2

0.005

5

10

k¡Ù3

0.000

0

0

Total

1.000

1000

100

 

 

1.         Six-Sigma·§Æ[»P°ò¥»»{ª¾
2. Six-Sigma
¤§¹B§@¤è¦¡
3. Six-Sigma
¤§²Õ´¤å¤Æ
4. Six-Sigma
²Õ´¤§¨¤¦â»P¾³d
5. Six-Sigma
¤§±À¦æ¼Ò¦¡
6. Six-Sigma
±M®×¤§©w¸q¡B¿ï¾Ü¡B»PºÞ²z
7.
²Î­p¤èªk»P Six Sigma
8. Six-Sigma
¤§ÁZ®Ä«ü¼Ð

2.       
9. Six-Sigma
¤§¦¨¥\ÃöÁä¦]¯À
10. Six-Sigma
¤§¤èªk½× (Methodologies) ¡V ¬yµ{§ïµ½(DMAIC) »P²£«~/¬yµ{³]­p(DFSS ¡ADesign for Six Sigma)
11. Six-Sigma
¤âªk¤§­åªR